\begin{table}%t14 \caption{\label{t:chem-tab1}Surface reactions and cosmic-ray induced surface photodissociation processes related to the formation of cyanides, and ethyl \mbox{formate}.} \par \small%\centerline { \begin{tabular}{lccc} \hline \hline Reaction & \hspace*{-5ex} Garrod et~al. & \hspace*{-2.5ex} \textit{Basic} & \hspace*{-2.5ex} \textit{Select} \\ & \hspace*{-5ex} (2008) & \hspace*{-2.5ex} model & \hspace*{-2.5ex} model \\ \hline C$_2$N + H $\rightarrow$ HCCN & \hspace*{-5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ HCCN + H $\rightarrow$ CH$_2$CN & \hspace*{-5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ CH$_2$CN + H $\rightarrow$ CH$_3$CN & \hspace*{-5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\[2mm] HC$_3$N + H $\rightarrow$ C$_2$H$_2$CN (1210~K) & \hspace*{-5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \\ C$_2$H$_2$CN + H $\rightarrow$ C$_2$H$_3$CN & \hspace*{-5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \\ C$_2$H$_3$CN + H $\rightarrow$ C$_2$H$_4$CN (750~K) & \hspace*{-5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \\ C$_2$H$_4$CN + H $\rightarrow$ C$_2$H$_5$CN & \hspace*{-5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\[2mm] C$_3$H$_6$CN + H $\rightarrow$ C$_3$H$_7$CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\[2mm] CH$_2$ + CN $\rightarrow$ CH$_2$CN & \hspace*{-5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ CH$_3$ + CN $\rightarrow$ CH$_3$CN & \hspace*{-5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ CH$_2$ + CH$_2$CN $\rightarrow$ C$_2$H$_4$CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ CH$_3$ + CH$_2$CN $\rightarrow$ C$_2$H$_5$CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ CH$_2$ + C$_2$H$_4$CN $\rightarrow$ C$_3$H$_6$CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ CH$_3$ + C$_2$H$_4$CN $\rightarrow$ C$_3$H$_7$CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\[2mm] C$_2$H$_5$ + CN $\rightarrow$ C$_2$H$_5$CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \\ C$_3$H$_7$ + CN $\rightarrow$ C$_3$H$_7$CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \\[2mm] NH + CH$_2$CN $\rightarrow$ NHCH$_2$CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ NH$_2$ + CH$_2$CN $\rightarrow$ NH$_2$CH$_2$CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ H + NHCH$_2$CN $\rightarrow$ NH$_2$CH$_2$CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\[2mm] CH$_2$NH + CN $\rightarrow$ NHCH$_2$CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \\ CH$_2$NH$_2$ + CN $\rightarrow$ NH$_2$CH$_2$CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \\[2mm] CH$_3$CN + $h \nu$ $\rightarrow$ CH$_2$CN + H & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ CH$_3$CN + $h \nu$ $\rightarrow$ CH$_3$ + CN & \hspace*{-5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\[2mm] C$_2$H$_5$CN + $h \nu$ $\rightarrow$ C$_2$H$_4$CN + H & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ C$_2$H$_5$CN + $h \nu$ $\rightarrow$ CH$_3$ + CH$_2$CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ C$_2$H$_5$CN + $h \nu$ $\rightarrow$ C$_2$H$_5$ + CN & \hspace*{-5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\[2mm] C$_3$H$_7$CN + $h \nu$ $\rightarrow$ CH$_3$ + C$_2$H$_4$CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ C$_3$H$_7$CN + $h \nu$ $\rightarrow$ C$_2$H$_5$ + CH$_2$CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ C$_3$H$_7$CN + $h \nu$ $\rightarrow$ C$_3$H$_7$ + CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\[2mm] NH$_2$CH$_2$CN + $h \nu$ $\rightarrow$ NH$_2$ + CH$_2$CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ NH$_2$CH$_2$CN + $h \nu$ $\rightarrow$ NH$_2$CH$_2$ + CN & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ \hline CH$_3$ + CH$_2$OCHO $\rightarrow$ C$_2$H$_5$OCHO & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ H + CH$_2$OCHO $\rightarrow$ CH$_3$OCHO & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ HCO + C$_2$H$_5$O $\rightarrow$ C$_2$H$_5$OCHO & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\ H + C$_2$H$_5$O $\rightarrow$ C$_2$H$_5$OH & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex}$\bullet$ \\[2mm] CH$_3$OCHO + $h \nu$ $\rightarrow$ CH$_2$OCHO + H & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$\\ C$_2$H$_5$OH + $h \nu$ $\rightarrow$ C$_2$H$_5$O + H & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ \\[2mm] C$_2$H$_5$OCHO + $h \nu$ $\rightarrow$ CH$_2$OCHO + CH$_3$ & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$\\ C$_2$H$_5$OCHO + $h \nu$ $\rightarrow$ C$_2$H$_5$O + HCO & & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$ & \hspace*{-2.5ex} $\bullet$\\ \hline \end{tabular}} \medskip Notes: Reactions that were present in the hot core model of \citet{Garrod08a} are indicated. Activation energies required for reaction are shown in brackets, where applicable. \end{table}