\begin{table}%t2 % \par \caption{\label{table2}The reaction rates for the VUV photolysis of Py:H$_2$O ($\sim$1:5000) ice at 25~K compared to those for 4-methylypyrene:H$_2$O (1:$>$500) ice at 15~K \citep{gudipati03}.} %%\centering \par \small \par $$\begin{tabular}{l c r@{~$\times$~}l c c} \hline \hline \noalign{\smallskip} \multicolumn{2}{c}{Rate}&\multicolumn{2}{c}{This work}&Photon rate\tablefootmark{a}& Gudipati (2003)\\ &&\multicolumn{2}{c}{(s$^{-1}$)}&(cm$^2$~photon$^{-1}$)&(s$^{-1}$)\\ \hline\noalign{\smallskip} Py$\stackrel{\rm VUV}{\longrightarrow}$ Py$^{\cdot+}$ &($k_{11}$)&(1.2 $\pm$ 0.1)&10$^{-3}$& 1.2 $\times$ 10$^{-17}$ &1.3 $\times$ 10$^{-3}$\\ Py$^{\cdot+}$+e$^{-}\rightarrow$Py & ($k_{12}$)&(9 $\pm$ 2)&10$^{-4}$& 9 $\times$ 10$^{-18}$ &8 $\times$ 10$^{-4}$\\ Py $\rightarrow$ P$_1$& ($k_1$)&(5 $\pm$ 1)& 10$^{-5}$&...&4 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$\\ Py$^{\cdot+}$ $\rightarrow$ P$_2$& ($k_2$)&(5 $\pm$ 1)&10$^{-4}$&... &5 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$\\ \hline \end{tabular}$$ \tablefoot{\tablefoottext{a}{Photon rates are indicated only for reaction channels which are dominated by photon processes.}} \end{table}