Time series of the heliospheric distance of 67P during which Rosetta was (a) just outside and (b) inside the cavity. The blue and gray markers indicate times when the accelerated ions were or were not observed. (c) Time series of the water production rate at 67P obtained from the Haser model using ROSINA/COPS observations (red dots) and the Hansen model (black). P1, P2, and P3 shown above the figure are three subperiods of our observation period.