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Fig. D.1.

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Modeled merging BBH (dashed lines) and luminous LGRB (solid lines) rate densities as a function of redshift, for all channels and for their combination. The figure illustrates model uncertainties given an alternative choice of SFR density (Madau & Fragos 2017) (dashed gray line) which is assuming that metallicities follows a truncated log-normal metallicity with σ = 0.5 dex as in Bavera et al. (2020, 2022), in blue, versus the fiducial assumption of the IllustrisTNG SFR density (Nelson et al. 2019) (solid gray line), in black. The fiducial luminous LGRB rate estimate assumes the beaming fraction fB = 0.05 and LGRB energy efficiency η = 0.0.01, while the alternative model was calibrated against the empirical isotropic-equivalent energy to fB = 0.02 and η = 0.002.

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