Analysis of the impact of TRAPPIST-1 b’s outwardly traveling wave structures on its neighbour planets. The panels a–d of this figure show the normalized dynamic, magnetic, thermal, and total pressure, respectively. Each line is cut along the azimuthal direction at the respective distances of the planets c (blue), d (red), and e (yellow). Panel e shows the hypothetical magnetospheric stand-off distance R_MS of planet e and how it is affected by planet b’s wave structures.