Table A.1.
Solar energetic electron events measured by the MESSENGER mission.
| Solar event |
SEE event |
Lists | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Date | T-III | Flare | CA | R | Imax_MESS (bg) | δ | Imax_near_1au[I’corr.](bg) | s/c: CA diff. | |
| onset | loc [class] | MESS | MESS | 71 to 112 keV e | MESS | 75 to 105 keV e | ||||
| (UT ± 5 min) | (km s−1) | (deg) | (au) | (cm2 sr s MeV)-1 | (-) | (cm2 sr s MeV)-1 | ||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) |
| *1+ | 2010/08/14 | 10:00 | N17W052 [C4.4] | -67 | 0.31 | 2.5×104 (1.6×104) | - | 7.5×101 [1.2×102] (4.0×101) | STA: -20° | a, b, c, f, g |
| 2++ | 2010/08/18 | 05:35 | N17W101 [C4.5] | -39 | 0.31 | 3.7×104 (1.5×104) | - | 3.2×103 [3.1×103] (3.2×101) | STA: +1° | a, b, c, g |
| 3 | 2011/03/07 | 19:55 | N30W048 [M3.7] | 168 | 0.34 | 7.5×104 (1.6×104) | -1.78±0.13† | - | - | b, c, d, e, g |
| 4++ | 2011/06/04 | 06:50 | N16W144 [-] | -12 | 0.33 | 3.1×104 (9.0×103) | -2.26±1.14 | 7.5×103 [6.8×103] (7.9×101) | STA: +3° | a, b, g |
| 5++ | 2011/06/04 | 21:50 | N16W153 [-] | -5 | 0.33 | 4.9×107 (2.0×104) | -1.94±0.21† | 6.3×105 [5.9×105] (3.0×104) | STA: +5° | a, b, g |
| 6+ | 2011/08/02 | 06:25 | N15W015 [M1.4] | 19 | 0.46 | 1.5×103 (2.5×102) | - | 1.0×102 [4.6×102] (2.3×101) | STB: +24° | a, b |
| 7+ | 2011/08/04 | 03:50 | N19W036 [M9.3] | s37 | 0.46 | 1.6×103(5.0×102) | - | 2.3×102 [7.5×102] (3.3×101) | STB: +27° | a, b, c, d, e, f, g |
| 8++ | 2011/09/22 | 10:40 | N09E089 [X1.4] | 90 | 0.36 | 8.1×104 (1.4×104) | -1.97 ±0.36† | 4.5×103 [6.4×103] (9.4×102) | STA: +18° | a, b, c, d, e, f, g |
| 9 | 2011/10/04 | 12:30 | N26E153 [-] | -14 | 0.42 | 2.9×105 (1.0×104) | -1.88±0.17† | - | - | a, b, c, e, g |
| 10 | 2011/10/14 | 11:00 | N10E140 [-] | -36 | 0.47 | 2.3×104 (1.2×104) | - | - | - | a, b |
| 11 | 2011/11/03 | 22:15 | N09E154 [-] | -74 | 0.44 | 1.4×105 (9.0×103) | -1.69±0.10† | - | - | a, b, c, d, e, f, g |
| 12+ | 2011/11/09 | 13:10 | N24E035 [M1.1] | 34 | 0.42 | 3.6×104 (1.0×104) | -1.96±0.28† | 9.1×102 [9.7×101] (9.2×101) | STB: -32° | a, b, g |
| 13++ | 2011/11/17 | 20:15 | N18E120 [-] | -71 | 0.38 | 5.8×104 (7.1×103) | -1.94±0.26† | 7.9×102 [1.0×103] (2.7×102) | STB: -11° | a, g |
| 14+ | 2012/01/02 | 14:30 | N08W104 [C2.4] | -34 | 0.43 | 2.1×104 (8.1×103) | - | 6.4×102 [1.7×103] (3.7×102) | STA: -29° | b, g |
| 15++ | 2012/01/23 | 03:40 | N28W021 [M8.7] | -157 | 0.46 | 3.4×104 (8.7×103) | -1.78±0.36† | 1.8×104 [1.6×104] (7.8×101) | STA: +11° | b, c, d, e, f, g |
| 16++ | 2012/01/27 | 18:15 | N27W078 [X1.7] | -108 | 0.46 | 8.7×104 (8.5×103) | -1.70±0.19† | 1.6×104 [1.1×104] (1.0×104) | STA: +19° | a, b, c, d, e, f, g |
| 17++ | 2012/03/04 | 11:05 | N19E061 [M2.0] | -8 | 0.31 | 8.4×104 (8.9×103) | -2.41±1.29† | 5.5×104 [5.3×104] (6.2×102) | STB: +1° | b, c, f, g |
| 18++ | 2012/03/05 | 03:35 | N17E052 [X1.1] | -2 | 0.31 | 1.5×106 (4.1×104) | -1.98±0.20† | 7.3×104 [7.5×104] (2.7×104) | STB: +4° | b, d, e, g |
| 19++ | 2012/03/07 | 00:20 | N17E027 [X5.4] | 13 | 0.31 | 2.2×107 (1.9×104) | -2.02±0.26† | 2.1×104 [6.0×104] (3.7×103) | STB: +14° | b, c, d, e, g |
| 20+ | 2012/05/17 | 01:30 | N11W076 [M5.1] | -76 | 0.35 | 8.7×104 (2.0×104) | - | 3.6×102 [5.8×102] (1.1×101) | STA: -22° | b, d, e, f, g |
| 21+ | 2012/05/26 | 20:40 | N15W121 [-] | -75 | 0.31 | 1.9×104 (4.0×103) | -1.70±0.53 | 1.3×104 [7.2×103] (2.3×101) | STA: +21° | b, c, f, g |
| 22+ | 2012/05/27 | 05:10 | S10E054 [C3.1] | 108 | 0.31 | 1.3×105 (2.4×104) | -2.56±0.96† | 1.2×105 [1.7×105] (8.7×103) | STA: +23° | - |
| 23 | 2012/07/12 | 15:45 | S15W001 [X1.4] | 4 | 0.46 | 1.1×106 (5.5×103) | -1.95±0.27† | - | - | b, d, f |
| 24 | 2012/07/17 | 14:00 | S20W065 [C9.9] | 59 | 0.46 | 1.6×104 (2.8×103) | - | - | - | b, f, g |
| 25 | 2012/07/19 | 05:20 | S13W088 [M7.7] | 79 | 0.46 | 2.6×104 (7.1×103) | - | - | - | b, g |
| 26 | 2012/07/23 | 02:10 | S17W132 [-] | 116 | 0.45 | 5.8×104 (9.5×103) | -1.90±0.18† | - | - | b, d, e, g |
| 27 | 2012/07/28 | 21:05 | S25E055 [M6.1] | -76 | 0.44 | 5.4×104 (4.7×103) | -2.11±0.42† | - | - | - |
| 28 | 2012/09/20 | 14:55 | S15E155 [-] | -29 | 0.42 | 2.0×106 (2.5×104) | -1.91±0.21† | - | - | b, d, e, g |
| 29+ | 2012/10/14 | 00:35 | N13E137 [-] | -58 | 0.46 | 1.9×105 (4.0×103) | -1.93±0.15† | 6.9×101 [1.3×102] (4.0×101) | STB: -25° | b, g |
| 30++ | NS2013/03/16 | 05:45 | S15W045 [C2.8] | -14 | 0.43 | 2.7×105 (5.0×104) | -1.92±0.45† | Previous event bg. | ACE:-3° | - |
| 31 | 2013/04/11 | 07:00 | N09E012 [M6.5] | -122 | 0.46 | 2.2×104 (2.7×103) | - | - | - | b, d, f |
| 32 | 2013/04/24 | 21:40 | N10W175 [-] | 38 | 0.40 | 3.3×106 (7.6×103) | -2.22±0.16† | - | - | b, d |
| 33++ | 2013/05/13 | 15:55 | N11E085 [X2.8] | 67 | 0.31 | 2.4×104 (6.3×103) | -1.80±0.59 | 4.1×102 [6.0×102] (9.2×101) | STA: +13° | b, g |
| 34 | 2013/06/21 | 02:50 | S16E073 [M2.9] | -67 | 0.46 | 5.5×105 (4.7×103) | -1.82±0.30† | - | - | b, f, g |
| 35+ | NS2013/08/19 | 01:20 | N10W162 [-] | -13 | 0.32 | 4.0×104 (1.5×104) | - | No maximum | STA: -29° | - |
| 36+ | 2013/08/19 | 22:30 | N08W178 [M3.3§] | -1 | 0.32 | 2.9×107 (1.0×104) | -1.99±0.25† | 4.1×104 [8.6×104] (9.6×102) | STA: -24° | b, d, f |
| 37+ | 2013/10/11 | 07:10 | N21E103 [M1.5] | -56 | 0.43 | 1.4×105 (4.6×103) | -1.92±0.08† | 5.9×103 [2.1×103] (4.4×101) | STB: +28° | b, d, e, g |
| 38 | 2013/10/25 | 08:00 | S10E073 [X1.7] | -62 | 0.36 | 2.2×105 (1.3×104) | -1.85±0.16† | - | - | b,d, e |
| 39 | 2013/10/25 | 15:00 | S06E069 [X2.1] | -59 | 0.36 | 2.8×105 (5.4×104) | -1.89±0.18† | - | - | b, g, f |
| 40 | 2013/10/28 | 15:10 | S08E028 [M4.4] | -29 | 0.34 | 8.1×105 (2.1×104) | -1.97±0.06† | - | - | b, d, e |
| 41 | 2013/11/19 | 10:25 | S15W069 [X1.0] | -41 | 0.34 | 6.2×104 (5.4×104) | -1.93±0.31† | - | - | b |
| 42 | NS2013/11/30 | 05:10 | N13W150[-] | 2 | 0.40 | 1.5×104 (4.9×103) | - | - | - | b |
| 43 | 2013/11/30 | 15:00 | S15E146 [-] | 65 | 0.40 | 1.6×104 (8.2×103) | - | - | - | b |
| 44++ | 2013/12/26 | 03:05 | S09E166 [-] | -9 | 0.46 | 1.1×106 (4.2×103) | -2.02±0.38† | 1.6×104 [2.0×104] (2.4×101) | STA: -6° | b, d, f, g |
| 45++ | 2014/01/07 | 18:05 | S15W011 [X1.2] | 145 | 0.43 | 3.2×104 (6.1×103) | - | Several events mixed | STA: +16° | d, e, f, g |
| 46++ | NS2014/01/28 | 00:30 | S10E081 [C7.6] | -8 | 0.32 | 5.9×103 (8.1×102) | - | Ion contamination | STB: +17° | - |
| 47++ | NS2014/01/28 | 05:25 | S14E088 [C9.3] | -16 | 0.32 | 2.2×104 (2.7×103) | -2.02±1.02† | Ion contamination | STB:+18° | - |
| 48 | 2014/01/30 | 16:05 | S13E058 [M6.6] | 2 | 0.31 | 7.4×104 (7.1×103) | -1.82±0.33† | - | - | g |
| 49+ | 2014/02/20 | 07:50 | S15W073 [M3.0] | 34 | 0.37 | 1.3×104 (1.5×103) | - | 1.3×104 [2.6×103] (6.7×102)& | ACE: -22° | g |
| 50++ | 2014/02/25 | 00:45 | S12E082 [X4.9] | -137 | 0.40 | 5.5×104 (1.2×103) | -1.91±0.47† | 6.7×103 [7.2×103] (1.2×102)& | ACE: -6° | d, e, f, g |
| 51+ | 2014/03/13 | 21:40 | N15W140 [-] | 81 | 0.46 | 2.3×104 (3.8×103) | -1.55±0.31 | 2.6×102 [5.3×102] (1.4×102)& | ACE: +35° | - |
| 52+ | 2014/08/08 | 16:15 | S10W160 [-] | -41 | 0.33 | 7.3×104 (6.2×103) | -1.82±0.21† | 1.0×102 [2.1×102] (4.6×101) | STA: -23° | g |
| 53++ | 2014/09/01 | 11:00 | N14E127 [-] | -44 | 0.45 | 2.9×107 (3.4×103) | -1.81±0.03† | 4.5×105 [2.5×105] (1.4×102) | STB: +15° | d, e, g |
| 54+ | 2014/09/05 | 06:50 | S14E069 [C6.8] | 6 | 0.46 | 8.6×104 (3.9×104) | -2.06±0.65 | No SEE | STB: +23° | - |
| 55+ | 2014/09/08 | 23:55 | N12E029 [M4.5] | 39 | 0.47 | 2.6×104 (5.4×103) | - | No SEE | STB: +30° | g |
| 56+ | 2014/09/10 | 17:30 | N14E002 [X1.6] | 64 | 0.47 | 5.6×104 (1.0×104) | -1.77±0.16† | 9.3×102 [2.2×103] (3.1×102) | STB: +32° | d, g |
| 57 | 2014/09/24 | 20:45 | N13E179 [-] | -139 | 0.44 | 5.3×104 (4.7×103) | -2.19±0.13† | - | - | d, g |
| 58++ | 2014/12/13 | 14:05 | S20W143 [-] | -75 | 0.46 | 7.8×106 (3.4×103) | -1.92±0.26† | No data | STA: -13° | d, g |
| 59+ | 2015/02/21 | 09:30 | S40W075 [B4.8] | -19 | 0.44 | 3.8×104 (3.9×103) | - | 1.2×103 [2.7×103] (1.8×102)& | ACE:+33° | - |
| 60 | 2015/03/24 | 08:30 | S01W121 [-] | -31 | 0.43 | 1.2×106 (1.3×104) | -1.94±0.24† | - | - | - |
| 61 | 2015/04/14 | 09:15 | S15W100 [B9] | -119 | 0.32 | 1.5×104 (4.5×103) | - | - | - | - |
Notes. Columns 1 and 2: Event number and date. Column 3: Type III radio burst onset time. Column 4: Flare location in Stonyhurst coordinates and flare class based on GOES Soft X-ray (SXR) peak flux. Column 5: Longitudinal separation between the flare location and the footpoint of the magnetic field line connecting to MESSENGER, based on a 400 km s − 1 Parker spiral (positive connection angle (CA) denotes a flare source located at the western side of the spacecraft magnetic footpoint). Column 6: MESSENGER radial distance from the Sun. Column 7: 71 -112 keV electron peak intensity measured by MESSENGER. The pre-event background level is shown in parentheses. Column 8: Spectral index of peak intensities based on 71 keV to 1 MeV energies. Column 9: 75 to 105 keV electron peak intensity measured by near 1 au spacecraft (STA: STEREO-A; STB: STEREO-B), followed in square brackets by the corrected peak intensity of a hypothetical 1 au observer with exactly the same CA as MESSENGER. The pre-event background level is given in parenthesis. Column 10: Name of the 1 au spacecraft and the CA difference (CAnear 1au-CAMESS). Column 11: References for the catalogues and studies consulted, as specified in Table 1. * in Col. 1: Widespread SEP event: MESSENGER |CA| or the absolute value of the CA difference with near 1 au spacecraft is ≥80°. ++ in Col. 1: The absolute value of the difference between MESSENGER and near 1 au spacecraft CA is: |CA difference| < 20°. + in Col. 1: The absolute value of the difference between MESSENGER and near 1 au spacecraft CA is: 20° ≤ |CA difference| ≤ 35°. NS in Col. 2: No CME-driven shock associated to the SEE event. in Col. 3: Type III radio burst onset time is uncertain due to occultation or multiple radio emission at the same time of the onset of the event. § in Col. 4: The GOES intensity level is deduced from the STEREO/EUVI light curve as explained in Rodríguez-García et al. (2021). † in Col. 8: Presence of 1 MeV electrons. & in Col. 9: ACE/EPAM/DE 53-103 keV electron intensity divided by an inter-calibration factor of 1.3.
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