Effect of planet–disk interactions on architecture. Left: scatter plot shows the number of planet–planet mergers and planetary ejections that occurred in systems as a function of disk lifetime. The solid lines show the average counts for each disk lifetime bin. Right: distribution of the total number of mergers (dashed) and ejections (solid) for the entire synthetic population. The black line depicts the nominal synthetic population, and the red line depicts a different synthetic population in which the disk–planet interactions were artificially switched off.