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Fig. 12.

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Four spectrograms (labeled A-D) in black and white and their associated saliency maps as calculated using Expected Gradients. Darker shades in the spectrograms indicate higher intensities, while warmer colors, such as reds and oranges in the attribution maps are linked to features that the model believes are important for flare prediction. Each attribution map was normalized such that their colors are comparable. The position of the h&k-line cores, as well as the red wing subordinate line are indicated by horizontal black dashed lines in the attribution maps. Panel A through D shows that triplet emission, downflows, broad line cores, and highly asymmetric spectra respectively, are indicative of forthcoming flares according to the model.

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