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Fig. 3.

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Heat maps of the real part of the normalized frequency ωp, negative normalized damping rate −γp, and real polarization P for Alfvénic waves as functions of the propagation angle and wavenumber for the four oxygen ion concentrations considered in this study, each displayed in a different row. The orange-colored curves display contour curves of characteristic values of the damping rate, while the white curves correspond to the contour plot of Re(P) = 0. The beta parameter is set at βe = 0.01 (left) and βe = 0.10 (right), assuming isothermy between species.

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