Fig. 6.

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Individual and mean 3D radial profiles of all clusters in the TNG-Cluster sample at z = 0. We show mass-weighted, radially averaged entropy (upper left); temperature (upper right); electron number density (lower left); and pressure (lower right). We normalized by r500c and show the log distance to focus on the central regions. Where applicable, we normalized the profiles by the virial quantity. The black curves show the mean profile across the entire cluster population, whereas the individual curves are color coded by M500c. We made a comparison to the simulated profiles of MilleniumTNG (Pakmor et al. 2023, gray lines) and the observed profiles of Ghirardini et al. (2019, orange lines). The r500c values for the profiles taken from the literature were rescaled by ∼0.68 to account for different methodologies (see Sect. 3.4). We found that the profiles are sorted by mass with low scatter at larger radii, suggesting that thermodynamical properties in the outer regions are set by global quantities, namely, mass. In contrast, the profiles have a larger scatter in the center and are no longer ordered by mass, suggesting other processes strongly influence cluster evolution. TNG-Cluster produces realistic galaxy clusters in terms of their radial profiles, which at face value are in reasonable agreement with observations and other numerical simulations.
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