TESS discovery of two super-Earths orbiting the M-dwarf stars TOI-6002 and TOI-5713 near the radius valley

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Volume 690 (October 2024)

A&A, 690 (2024) A263

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Table 4

Median values and 68% confidence intervals for the parameters of TOI-6002 b and TOI-5713 b obtained using EXOFASTv2 for circular and eccentric orbits.

Parameter	Description	TOI-6002 b		TOI-5713 b

		Circular	Eccentric	Circular	Eccentric
Stellar parameters:
M_*	Mass (M_⊙)	${0.2105}_{- 0.0048}^{+ 0.0049}$ ${0.2105_{ - 0.0048}^{ + 0.0049}}$	${0.2101}_{- 0.0048}^{+ 0.0049}$ ${0.2101_{ - 0.0048}^{ + 0.0049}}$	${0.2653}_{- 0.0061}^{+ 0.0062}$ ${0.2653_{ - 0.0061}^{ + 0.0062}}$	0.2653 ± 0.0061
R_*	Radius (R_⊙)	${0.2409}_{- 0.0065}^{+ 0.0066}$ $0.2409_{ - 0.0065}^{ + 0.0066}$	${0.2432}_{- 0.0065}^{+ 0.0063}$ $0.2432_{ - 0.0065}^{ + 0.0063}$	0.2984 ± 0.0073	_{0 2992}+00073 ĳ^. ^--00072
L_*	Luminosity (10⁻³ L_⊙)	${5.80}_{- 0.38}^{+ 0.51}$ ${5.80_{ - 0.38}^{ + 0.51}}$	${5.82}_{- 0.36}^{+ 0.48}$ ${5.82_{ - 0.36}^{ + 0.08}}$	${8.74}_{- 0.28}^{+ 0.27}$ ${8.74_{ - 0.28}^{ + 0.27}}$	${8.74}_{- 0.29}^{+ 0.28}$ ${8.74_{ - 0.29}^{ + 0.28}}$
ρ_*	Density (cgs)	${21.2}_{- 1.7}^{+ 1.9}$ ${21.2_{ - 1.7}^{ + 1.9}}$	${20.6}_{- 1.5}^{+ 1.8}$ ${20.6_{ - 1.5}^{ + 1.8}}$	${14.1}_{- 1.0}^{+ 1.1}$ ${14.1_{ - 1.0}^{ + 1.1}}$	${13.96}_{- 0.99}^{+ 1.1}$ ${13.96_{ - 0.99}^{ + 1.1}}$
log 𝑔	Surface gravity (cgs)	4.998 ± 0.025	${4.989}_{- 0.024}^{+ 0.025}$ ${4.989_{ - 0.024}^{ + 0.025}}$	4.912 ± 0.023	${4.910}_{- 0.022}^{+ 0.023}$ ${4.910_{ - 0.022}^{ + 0.023}}$
T_eff	Effective temperature (K)	$3241_{- 60}^{+ 82}$ ${3241_{ - 60}^{ + 82}}$	$3229_{- 57}^{+ 77}$ ${3229_{ - 57}^{ + 77}}$	$3229_{- 40}^{+ 41}$ ${3229_{ - 40}^{ + 41}}$	$3225_{- 40}^{+ 41}$ ${3225_{ - 40}^{ + 41}}$
Planetary parameters:
P	Orbital period (days)	${10.904821}_{- 0.00018}^{+ 0.00021}$ ${10.904821_{ - 0.00018}^{ + 0.00021}}$	${10.904821}_{- 0.000018}^{+ 0.000021}$ ${10.904821_{ - 0.000018}^{ + 0.000021}}$	${10.441988}_{- 0.000013}^{+ 0.000014}$ ${10.441988_{ - 0.000013}^{ + 0.000014}}$	${10.441989}_{- 0.000014}^{+ 0.000015}$ ${10.441989_{ - 0.000014}^{ + 0.000015}}$
R_P	Planet radius (R_⊕)	${1.63}_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.21}$ ${1.63_{ - 0.19}^{ + 0.21}}$	${1.65}_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.22}$ ${1.65_{ - 0.19}^{ + 0.22}}$	${1.75}_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.16}$ ${1.75_{ - 0.14}^{ + 0.16}}$	${1.77}_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.17}$ ${1.77_{ - 0.14}^{ + 0.17}}$
T_C	Transit time (BJD_TDB)	${2458692.7636}_{- 0.0028}^{+ 0.0024}$ ${2458692.7636_{ - 0.0028}^{ + 0.0024}}$	${2458692.7639}_{- 0.0028}^{+ 0.0024}$ ${2458692.7639_{ - 0.0028}^{ + 0.0024}}$	${2458745.6773}_{- 0.0016}^{+ 0.0014}$ ${2458745.6773_{ - 0.0016}^{ + 0.0014}}$	${2458745.6776}_{- 0.0017}^{+ 0.0015}$ ${2458745.6776_{ - 0.0017}^{ + 0.0015}}$
a	Semi-major axis (AU)	0.05725 ± 0.00044	0.05722 ± 0.00044	0.06008 ± 0.00046	0.06008 ± 0.00046
i	Inclination (Degrees)	${89.657}_{- 0.099}^{+ 0.14}$ $89.657_{ - 0.099}^{ + 0.14}$	89.68 ± 0.21	${89.385}_{- 0.088}^{+ 0.10}$ $89.385_{ - 0.088}^{ + 0.10}$	${89.37}_{- 0.21}^{+ 0.36}$ $89.37_{ - 0.21}^{ + 0.36}$
e	Eccentricity	0 (Fixed)	${0.15}_{- 0.11}^{+ 0.42}$ ${0.15_{ - 0.11}^{ + 0.42}}$	0 (Fixed)	${0.24}_{- 0.17}^{+ 0.40}$ ${0.24_{ - 0.17}^{ + 0.40}}$
τ_circ	Tidal circularization timescale (Gyr)	$6200_{- 2400}^{+ 4200}$ ${6200_{ - 2400}^{ + 4200}}$	$3500_{- 3300}^{+ 3900}$ ${3500_{ - 3300}^{ + 3900}}$	$4600_{- 1500}^{+ 2300}$ ${4600_{ - 1500}^{ + 2300}}$	$2000_{- 2000}^{+ 2600}$ ${2000_{ - 2000}^{ + 2600}}$
ω_*	Argument of periastron (Degrees)	90 (fixed)	$- 160_{- 110}^{+ 140}$ ${ - 160_{ - 110}^{ + 140}}$	90 (fixed)	$- 139_{- 99}^{+ 120}$ ${ - 139_{ - 99}^{ + 120}}$
T_eq	Equilibrium temperature^(a) (K)	${321.1}_{- 5.6}^{+ + .0}$ ${321.1_{ - 5.6}^{ + + .0}}$	${321.4}_{- 5.2}^{+ 6.6}$ ${321.4_{ - 5.2}^{ + 6.6}}$	${347.2}_{- 3.1}^{+ 3.0}$ ${347.2_{ - 3.1}^{ + 3.0}}$	${347.2}_{- 3.2}^{+ 3.0}$ ${347.2_{ - 3.2}^{ + 3.0}}$
R_P/R_★	Planet-to-star radius ratio	${0.0622}_{- 0.0070}^{+ 0.0080}$ ${0.0622_{ - 0.0070}^{ + 0.0080}}$	${0.0622}_{- 0.0070}^{+ 0.0080}$ ${0.0622_{ - 0.0070}^{ + 0.0080}}$	${0.0539}_{- 0.0039}^{+ 0.0048}$ ${0.0539_{ - 0.0039}^{ + 0.0048}}$	${0.0541}_{- 0.0041}^{+ 0.0050}$ ${0.0541_{ - 0.0041}^{ + 0.0050}}$
a/R_★	Semi-major axis in stellar radii	${51.1}_{- 1.4}^{+ 1.5}$ ${51.1_{ - 1.4}^{ + 1.5}}$	${50.6}_{- 1.3}^{+ 1.4}$ ${50.6_{ - 1.3}^{ + 1.4}}$	$43.3 \pm 1.1$ ${43.3 \pm 1.1}$	${43.2}_{- 1.0}^{+ 1.1}$ ${43.2_{ - 1.0}^{ + 1.1}}$
δ	(R_P/R_★)² (ppt)	${3.87}_{- 0.82}^{+ 1.1}$ ${3.87_{ - 0.82}^{ + 1.1}}$	${3.87}_{- 0.83}^{+ 1.1}$ ${3.87_{ - 0.83}^{ + 1.1}}$	${2.90}_{- 0.40}^{+ 0.54}$ ${2.90_{ - 0.40}^{ + 0.54}}$	${2.92}_{- 0.42}^{+ 0.56}$ ${2.92_{ - 0.42}^{ + 0.56}}$
δg′	Transit depth in ??′ (ppt)	${4.7}_{- 1.0}^{+ 1.3}$ $4.7_{ - 1.0}^{ + 1.3}$	${4.7}_{- 1.0}^{+ 1.3}$ $4.7_{ - 1.0}^{ + 1.3}$	…	…
δ_i′	Transit depth in i′ (ppt)	${4.48}_{- 0.95}^{+ 1.2}$ ${4.48_{ - 0.95}^{ + 1.2}}$	${4.47}_{- 0.97}^{+ 1.2}$ ${4.47_{ - 0.97}^{ + 1.2}}$	${3.32}_{- 0.48}^{+ 0.63}$ ${3.32_{ - 0.48}^{ + 0.03}}$	${3.30}_{- 0.47}^{+ 0.63}$ ${3.30_{ - 0.47}^{ + 0.63}}$
δ_r′	Transit depth in r′ (ppt)	${5.0}_{- 1.1}^{+ 1.4}$ ${5.0_{ - 1.1}^{ + 1.4}}$	${5.0}_{- 1.1}^{+ 1.4}$ ${5.0_{ - 1.1}^{ + 1.4}}$	${3.76}_{- 0.54}^{+ 0.72}$ ${3.76_{ - 0.54}^{ + 0.72}}$	${3.70}_{- 0.56}^{+ 0.74}$ ${3.70_{ - 0.56}^{ + 0.74}}$
δ_z′	Transit depth in z′ (ppt)	${4.16}_{- 0.89}^{+ 1.1}$ ${4.16_{ - 0.89}^{ + 1.1}}$	${4.16}_{- 0.90}^{+ 1.1}$ ${4.16_{ - 0.90}^{ + 1.1}}$	${3.16}_{- 0.45}^{+ 0.06}$ ${3.16_{ - 0.45}^{ + 0.06}}$	${3.16}_{- 0.44}^{+ 0.60}$ ${3.16_{ - 0.44}^{ + 0.60}}$
δ_TESS	Transit depth in TESS (ppt)	${4.22}_{- 0.63}^{+ 1.5}$ ${4.22_{ - 0.63}^{ + 1.5}}$	${4.39}_{- 0.95}^{+ 1.2}$ ${4.39_{ - 0.95}^{ + 1.2}}$	${3.28}_{- 0.47}^{+ 6.61}$ ${3.28_{ - 0.47}^{ + 6.61}}$	${3.27}_{- 0.46}^{+ 0.61}$ ${3.27_{ - 0.46}^{ + 0.61}}$
τ	Ingress/egress transit duration (days)	${0.00444}_{- 0.00054}^{+ 0.00062}$ ${0.00444_{ - 0.00054}^{ + 0.00062}}$	${0.00442}_{- 0.00058}^{+ 0.00077}$ ${0.00442_{ - 0.00058}^{ + 0.00077}}$	${0.00469}_{- 0.00045}^{+ 0.00052}$ ${0.00469_{ - 0.00045}^{ + 0.00052}}$	${0.00457}_{- 0.00087}^{+ 0.0021}$ ${0.00457_{ - 0.00087}^{ + 0.0021}}$
T₁₄	Total transit duration (days)	${0.06913}_{- 0.000080}^{+ 0.000081}$ ${0.06913_{ - 0.000080}^{ + 0.000081}}$	${0.06904}_{- 0.00088}^{+ 0.00095}$ ${0.06904_{ - 0.00088}^{ + 0.00098}}$	${0.0728}_{- 0.0018}^{+ 0.0016}$ ${0.0728_{ - 0.0018}^{ + 0.0016}}$	0.0728 ± 0.0023
b	Transit impact parameter	${0.306}_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.078}$ ${0.306_{ - 0.12}^{ + 0.078}}$	${0.26}_{- 0.17}^{+ 0.18}$ ${0.26_{ - 0.17}^{ + 0.18}}$	${0.464}_{- 0.071}^{+ 0.057}$ ${0.464_{ - 0.071}^{ + 0.057}}$	${0.44}_{- 0.27}^{+ 0.21}$ ${0.44_{ - 0.27}^{ + 0.21}}$
〈F〉	Incident flux (S_⊕)	${1.7705}_{- 0.1175}^{+ 0.1616}$ ${1.7705_{ - 0.1175}^{ + 0.1616}}$	${1.6823}_{- 0.3673}^{+ 0.1689}$ ${1.6823_{ - 0.3673}^{ + 0.1689}}$	2.4170 ± 0.0881	${2.2554}_{- 0.6024}^{+ 0.1689}$ $2.2554_{ - 0.6024}^{ + 0.1689}$
d/R_*	Separation at mid-transit	${51.1}_{- 1.4}^{+ 1.5}$ ${51.1_{ - 1.4}^{ + 1.5}}$	${48.2}_{- 7.7}^{+ 4.0}$ ${48.2_{ - 7.7}^{ + 4.0}}$	43.3 ± 1.1	${40.5}_{- 7.8}^{+ 6.0}$ $40.5_{ - 7.8}^{ + 6.0}$
Predicted parameters:
M_P	Planet mass^(b) (M_⊕)	${3.8}_{- 1.0}^{+ 1.6}$ ${3.8_{ - 1.0}^{ + 1.6}}$	${3.8}_{- 1.0}^{+ 1.6}$ ${3.8_{ - 1.0}^{ + 1.6}}$	${4.3}_{- 1.1}^{+ 1.7}$ ${4.3_{ - 1.1}^{ + 1.7}}$	${4.3}_{- 1.1}^{+ 1.7}$ ${4.3_{ - 1.1}^{ + 1.7}}$
K	RV semi-amplitude (m/s)	${3.10}_{- 0.85}^{+ 1.3}$ ${3.10_{ - 0.85}^{ + 1.3}}$	${3.4}_{- 1.0}^{+ 1.8}$ ${3.4_{ - 1.0}^{ + 1.8}}$	${3.02}_{- 0.76}^{+ 1.2}$ ${3.02_{ - 0.76}^{ + 1.2}}$	${3.40}_{- 0.96}^{+ 1.8}$ ${3.40_{ - 0.96}^{ + 1.8}}$
TSM	Transmission spectroscopy metric	60.0	50.0	38.0	40.0
M_P /M_*	Planet-to-star mass ratio (×10⁻⁵)	${5.4}_{- 1.5}^{+ 2.3}$ ${5.4_{ - 1.5}^{ + 2.3}}$	${5.5}_{- 1.5}^{+ 2.4}$ ${5.5_{ - 1.5}^{ + 2.4}}$	${4.8}_{- 1.2}^{+ 1.9}$ ${4.8_{ - 1.2}^{ + 1.9}}$	${4.9}_{- 1.2}^{+ 1.9}$ ${4.9_{ - 1.2}^{ + 1.9}}$
ρ_P	Planet mean density (cgs)	${4.8}_{- 1.3}^{+ 1.9}$ ${4.8_{ - 1.3}^{ + 1.9}}$	${4.7}_{- 1.2}^{+ 1.9}$ ${4.7_{ - 1.2}^{ + 1.9}}$	${4.3}_{- 1.0}^{+ 1.6}$ ${4.3_{ - 1.0}^{ + 1.6}}$	${4.3}_{- 1.0}^{+ 1.6}$ ${4.3_{ - 1.0}^{ + 1.6}}$

Notes. ^(a)The equilibrium temperature is estimated supposing a null-albedo and a 100% efficient heat recirculation. ^(b)The planetary mass is estimated using the Chen & Kipping (2017) mass–radius relation. The radial velocity semi-amplitude (K) is predicted using the estimated mass.

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