Spectra for H, ⁴He, C, O, and Fe observed at Solar Orbiter (solid squares with dashed lines) and ACE (open circles with solid lines). The flux for these species are averaged over different time intervals: the gradual SEP phase, consisting of particles accelerated close to the Sun (a), and the ESP phase, consisting of particles accelerated locally at the IP shock (b). Panels (c) and (d) show the ESP phase separated into two portions, consisting of particles that arrived before and after the IP shock, respectively. Measurements of H taken by ACE/ULEIS are excluded due to their low efficiency. The exact time intervals used are given in each panel.