Fig. 1
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Snapshots of surface (τ = 1) structure of bolometric intensity (first row), temperature (second row), magnetic field magnitude (third row), field inclination (fourth row), radial velocity (fifth row) and vertical velocity (sixth row) for the G2V (first column), K2V (second column), and M0V (third column) starspot. The rightmost (fourth) column shows the azimuthal average of the corresponding quantities in each row for all three stars, plotted against radius normalized by average spot radius. The dashed lines show the average extent of the penumbra and dotted lines show the average extent of the umbra. These extents are shown in the first row as red circles. The error bars show 1σ standard deviation averaged over time. For vz, positive values correspond to upwards and outwards flow.
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