Can thermodynamic equilibrium be established in planet-forming disks?

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Table 7

Chemical relaxation timescales obtained with different methods for 1200 K and 2000 K models at n_〈H〉=7.5 × 10¹³ cm⁻³, using time-dependent (t-dep.) and time-independent (t-indep.) chemistry.

τ_chem−method	Chemistry	1200 K model	2000 K model
τ_{chem, 1}; Eq. (12)	t-indep.	1.68 × 10⁴ yr	1.28 × 10⁻² yr
τ_{chem, 2}; Eq. (13)	t-indep.	4.03 × 10⁷ yr	8.35 yr
τ_{chem, 3}; visually n_i → ${\overset{\circ}{n}}_{i}$ $\stackrel{\circ}{n}_{i}$	t-dep.	∼10⁸ yr	∼0.1 yr

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