Fig. 4
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Orbital frequency distribution of the MW bulge populations. The top panel shows the stellar mass-weighted distribution of the in-plane orbital frequency ratio, fr/fx. The elongated orbits, fr/fx ≈ 2, correspond to the bar, while the rest do not support the bar and represent the disc. The bottom panel shows the distribution of the vertical-to-radial orbital frequencies, fz/fx. The frequency ratio fz/fx ≈ 2 corresponds to the banana-like orbits. The lower values (fz/fx ∈ 1.4–2) are pretzel-like populations, dominating in the X-shaped bulge structure, whose extent along the bar major axis decreases with decreasing frequency ratio. Orbits with fz/fx > 2 correspond to the longer bar component (>2.5–3 kpc) outside the bulge.
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