Modeling the γ-ray spectrum in the hadronic scenario. Left panel: total contribution (solid black line) from the sum of the dashed red and orange lines, corresponding to the escaped and trapped ions, respectively. The red butterfly was extracted from Abeysekara et al. (2017b). Middle panel: total γ-ray contribution calculated with different r_s. Right panel: predicted γ-ray flux in the VERITAS region, obtained by adding the escaped and trapped components. The blue data points and butterfly were taken from Abeysekara et al. (2018).