Snapshot torque budget and mass-inflow rates across NGC 4593’s molecular gas spiral. From top to bottom, the panels show the radial behaviour of the (a) gravitational torques per unit mass – t, (b) the average fraction of the angular momentum transferred to the gas in one orbital period ΔL/L, and (c) the molecular gas mass inflow rate derived from stellar torques (blue line) compared to the kinematic measurement from KinMS (red line). While the sign of angular momentum transfer depends on the torquing mass’ orientation relative to the gas spiral, the torque amplitude is sufficient to explain the kinematically measured mass inflow rate of ⟨Ṁ(R)⟩ = −4.2 M_⊙/yr (see Sect. 3.5).