Examples of the variety of metallicity profiles in the CIELO galaxies. From left to right: (i) Face-on and edge-on (top and bottom subpanels) gas density projections in a large cubic volume of 200 kpc-side centered at a central galaxy. (ii) Face-on and edge-on gas density projections in a cubic volume of 50 kpc-side located at the center of mass of the galaxy. (iii) Face-on and edge-on projected metallicity maps in the 50 kpc-side volume. Arbitrary density contours are included in (ii) and (iii) to illustrate the morphology. (iv) Gas-phase metallicity profile of the central galaxy (background heat map). For illustrative purposes, median values within 0.5 kpc bins are shown as filled squares, with error bars indicating the standard deviation in each bin. The DB-A fit adopted in this work (see Sect. 2.2) is shown as a black solid line. For comparison, a linear fit within [0.5–1.5] r₅₀ is also displayed (red dashed line). Vertical lines are included to indicate the gravitational softening ϵ (gray, dashed line), inner break radii (teal solid line) and/or outer break radii (orange solid line) when appropriate.