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Fig. 8.

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AGN occupation fraction for the IMBH simulations at z = 5 (left), z = 6 (centre) and z = 8 (right). The top panels shows a threshold X-ray luminosity of 2 × 1038 erg s−1 as the comparison in the local Universe. The bottom panel shows the occupation fraction with a threshold of 1041 erg s−1. While this is is not quite at the luminosity where they would be detectable with future observatories (Marchesi et al. 2020), the trend indicates that AGNs in higher stellar mass systems (not present due to limited simulation volume) might be detectable depending on accretion model.

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