Point spread functions (PSFs) are used to convolve with the ideal bandpass images presented in Section 2.4. The size of each PSF is fixed at 5″ . Larger PSFs are cropped at the center, while smaller ones are padded with zeros. For enhanced visualization, these PSFs are displayed in a logarithmic scale, with clipped value of 1e-5 to avoid zero values. It is noteworthy that for the Euclid mission, PSFs are constructed as Gaussian models.