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Fig. 3

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Comparison of the EE, BB, and EB angular power spectra for the emulated maps (red) versus the reference dataset (blue), shown for the Ninput = 10 (left) and Ninput = 100 (right) cases. In each row, the top panel displays the average power spectra with 1 σ shading, while the bottom panel shows the residual, Δ=(CemuCref)/σref$\Delta_{\ell}=\left(\left\langle C_{\ell}^{\mathrm{emu}}\right\rangle-\left\langle C_{\ell}^{\mathrm{ref}}\right\rangle\right) / \sigma_{\ell}^{\mathrm{ref}}$ (solid red) along with Δ±=(CemuCref±σemu)/σref$\Delta_{\ell}^{\pm}=\left(\left\langle C_{\ell}^{\mathrm{emu}}\right\rangle-\left\langle C_{\ell}^{\mathrm{ref}}\right\rangle \pm \sigma_{\ell}^{\mathrm{emu}}\right) / \sigma_{\ell}^{\mathrm{ref}}$ (dotted red), where σref$\sigma_{\ell}^{\mathrm{ref}}$ is the standard deviation from the reference set and σemu$\sigma_{\ell}^{\text {emu}}$ is the emulated dataset's one. In both the 10-map and 100-map cases, the mean spectra and variance per multipole closely match those of the reference set, and the residuals lie well within the 1σ band. The bottom panels also show in dotted gray the standard error on the mean for a sample of size Ninput, that is ±σref/Ninput$\pm \sigma_{\text {ref}}/\sqrt{N_{\text {input}}}$, with Ninput = 10(100) in the left (right) plots. Notably, the scatter of the mean residual is roughly within this band in both cases, indicating the success of the augmentation process. See Section 5.3 for further details.

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