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Fig. 9.

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Estimation of the MCO values (within uncertainty bounds) of the most luminous progenitors of the Type IIP SNe SN2012ec, SN2009kr and SN2009hd, of the failed SN candidates N6946-BH1 and M31-2014-DS1 and of the progenitor of the Type IIn SN2019jl, assuming that all these systems stem from the single star progenitor channel. A parametric scaling law (in blue) relates the bolometric luminosity log LTACCB of stellar evolution models (in orange and black) at terminal age core-carbon burning (TACCB) to MCO. Observations are compared with the failed SN windows in MCO (shaded intervals) predicted by our CCSN recipe as a function of Z. The Humphreys–Davidson (HD) limit for RSGs in the Magellanic Clouds and the upper limit on the SN2009kr progenitor luminosity define the value range in log LTACCB (and thus the MCO range) of the missing RSGs (red horizontal lines).

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