Group accretion in Milky Way-like stellar haloes | Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)

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Volume 700 (August 2025)

A&A, 700 (2025) A175

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Table 1

Statistics for our selections of MW-like group infall events.

	Infall time	Halo mass	MW		Av No. Companion		Av No. Comp Survive
Selection	(Gyr)	(×10¹⁰ M_⊙)	Analogues	Count	Bright	M_peak > 10⁸ M_⊙	Bright	M_peak > 10⁸ M_⊙
Early	[1 − 2.5]	[3 − 20]	Kraken	10	${4.5}_{- 3.5}^{+ 4.5}$ $\[4.5_{-3.5}^{+4.5}\]$	${6.5}_{- 4.5}^{+ 7.8}$ $\[6.5_{-4.5}^{+7.8}\]$	${0.0}_{- 0.0}^{+ 0.0}$ $\[0.0_{-0.0}^{+0.0}\]$	${0.0}_{- 0.0}^{+ 0.0}$ $\[0.0_{-0.0}^{+0.0}\]$
Major	[2.5 − 5.5]	[8 − 30]	GES	8	${4.5}_{- 2.4}^{+ 3.5}$ $\[4.5_{-2.4}^{+3.5}\]$	${13.5}_{- 5.8}^{+ 11.9}$ $\[13.5_{-5.8}^{+11.9}\]$	${0.5}_{- 0.0}^{+ 1.0}$ $\[0.5_{-0.0}^{+1.0}\]$	${1.0}_{- 0.9}^{+ 1.9}$ $\[1.0_{-0.9}^{+1.9}\]$
Mid	[5.5 − 10]	[3 − 8]	Sagittarius	18	${1.0}_{- 0.0}^{+ 1.0}$ $\[1.0_{-0.0}^{+1.0}\]$	${3.0}_{- 2.0}^{+ 4.3}$ $\[3.0_{-2.0}^{+4.3}\]$	${0.0}_{- 0.0}^{+ 1.0}$ $\[0.0_{-0.0}^{+1.0}\]$	${1.}_{- 0.}^{+ 3.0}$ $\[1._{-0.}^{+3.0}\]$
Recent	[10 − 13]	[4 − 20]	LMC	5	${1.0}_{- 0.}^{+ 1.4}$ $\[1.0_{-0.}^{+1.4}\]$	${7.0}_{- 2.7}^{+ 0.4}$ $\[7.0_{-2.7}^{+0.4}\]$	${1.0}_{- 0}^{+ 2.4}$ $\[1.0_{-0}^{+2.4}\]$	${5.0}_{- 3.0}^{+ 1.4}$ $\[5.0_{-3.0}^{+1.4}\]$

Notes. Our selections of MW-like accretion events, defined on infall time and peak halo mass of the main satellite and visualised in Fig. 4 (see Sect. 3 for details). The average number of bright companions column gives the median and 16–84% ranges of the number of companions that have hosted a star particle in AURIGA. Alternatively, the average number of companions with a peak mass greater than 10⁸ M_⊙ can be thought of an approximate upper bound for subhaloes that could plausibly host stars. The last column gives the average number that survives to present day.

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