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Fig. 12

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Left: planet-to-star mass ratio as a function of the planet semi-major axis for all planets orbiting M-dwarf stars. Darker coloured symbols correspond to planetary masses above 0.2 MJup. Horizontal dotted lines indicate the Jupiter-to-Sun and Saturn-to-Sun mass ratios for reference. Right: host star metallicity as a function of the insolation at the exoplanet semi-major axis. For multi-planetary systems, only the innermost planet is depicted. Vertical dotted lines indicate current insolation values of Jupiter and Saturn for reference. In both panels, different detection techniques are shown as labelled. Star symbols depict planets in the CARMENES sample (filled symbols, this work, and empty symbols, Trifonov et al. 2018, 2020a; Quirrenbach et al. 2022).

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