Solar Orbiter positions projected on the X–Y plane in GSE coordinates, sampled at 10-minute intervals. The arrows, color-coded by time, indicate the IMF direction. The red curve represents the bow shock, calculated using the Slavin and Holzer model (Slavin & Holzer 1981) with a solar wind speed of 380 km/s. The dashed arrows indicate the estimated source regions on the bow shock for the single- and double-peak AMIs, based on a linear extrapolation of the IMF.