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Fig. 4.

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Left panel: VCC galaxies around VCC 479 within 700 kpc and ±700 km s−1. The dashed blue circles mark the virial radii of individual confirmed VCC galaxies (Binggeli et al. 1985). The virial radius is estimated as 67 times the r-band half-light radius, as provided in the EVCC catalog (Kim et al. 2014), following the method described in Kravtsov (2013). The magnitude and velocities of the three galaxies closest to VCC 479 (VCC 318, VCC 393, and VCC 343) within 300 kpc and 200 km s−1 are indicated. The arrows denote the direction and angular distance of M87. Right panel: Projected phase-space diagram of redshift-confirmed Virgo galaxies. The two dashed black curves indicate the variation in the escape velocities of Virgo with the angular distance (normalized by R200) from the Virgo cD galaxy M87. VCC 479 is located on the outskirts of Virgo.

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