Example of a star on a chaotic orbit (selected from regime1). The red and blue markers show the position of the star at the present day and after 10 Gyr of integration time, respectively. The top panels show projections of the orbit in the corotating frame, (x_CR, y_CR), and in (R, z), respectively. The bottom panels illustrate the trajectory of this star in (E, L_z, L_⊥) space over time. This star ends up librating around the bar’s corotation resonance after 10 Gyr, and moves around significantly in (E, L_z, L_⊥) space as it changes its orbit. The orbit has λ = 2.1 Gyr⁻¹ and t_λ = 1.3 Gyr, and fdr=−0.2 (see Sect. 3.1 and 3.2 for details on how these quantities are computed).