Bridging simulations and observations: New insights into galaxy formation simulations via out-of-distribution detection and Bayesian model comparison - Evaluating galaxy formation simulations under limited computing budgets and sparse dataset sizes

Open Access

Fig. 6

GEN score distribution of all simulation model test sets (orange) and the SDSS test set (blue). Left: random forest. Middle: XGBoost. Right: stacking-MLP-RF-XGB. The vertical red line represents the 95% threshold. The region to its right corresponds to in-distribution data, and the region to its left indicates OOD data.

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