Kinematics and orbital elements of selected OCs. Panel a: galactocentric RV (V_R) vs. azimuthal velocity (V_φ) for 49 selected OCs (gray symbols) that fall within the area occupied by the disk population (black circle). For guidance, a dashed black ellipsoid also highlights the halo Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage-like (Belokurov et al. 2018) area. Remaining panels: orbital elements assuming Ω_bar = 31 (green empty symbols), 41 (black symbols), and 51 (gray crosses) km s⁻¹ kpc⁻¹. The horizontal dotted black lines indicate a distance of ∼3 kpc (i.e., the edge Z_max of the thick disk; Carollo et al. 2010), while the cyan and red shaded regions indicate the radius (i.e., 3 kpcs; Barbuy et al. 2018) of the Milky Way bulge and location of the bar’s CR between 4.2 kpcs (Ω_bar = 51 km s⁻¹ kpc⁻¹) and 7.4 kpcs (Ω_bar = 31 km s⁻¹ kpc⁻¹), with the vertical thick red line indicating the position of 5.5 kpc for Ω_bar = 41 km s⁻¹ kpc⁻¹. The straight line in panel d shows the one-to-one line, which indicates that a cluster on this line would have a circular orbit.