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Fig. 6

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Left panel: cooling timescale tcool normalized by the critical timescale tcrit for a run with (ZD2G, a) = (0.01, 10 μm) in the dynamic-dust simulations as a function of R and z at t = 1000 Pin. The solid lines mark tcool = tcrit. The dashed line indicates R = 40 au. Right panel: time evolution of tcool/tcrit for the same run as the left panel at R = 40 au.

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