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Fig. 2.

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Ratio of the time to coalescence via gravitational-wave emission, parametrised by the orbital properties just after (Tpost) and just before (Tpre) binary BH formation, as a function of fkick := v/Vpre, where v is the natal kick vector and Vpre is the magnitude of the relative orbital velocity before binary BH formation. I illustrate three scenarios: natal kicks occurring either in the radial (solid blue), tangential (dashed orange), or polar (dotted green) direction.

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