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Fig. 2

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Upper panel: GCE-corrected differential abundances as a function of Tc for 11 solar twins from Papers I and II. Gray points mark individual stars selected with –0.1 < [Fe/H] < 0.1 dex, ΔTeff < 100 Κ, and Δ log ɡ < 0.1 dex. Colored symbols represent their mean elemental abundances in linear space: refractory elements (Tc > 1300 K) in orange, volatile elements in blue. The vertical dashed orange line indicates the Tc = 1300 Κ boundary. A weighted linear regression to the averaged data (including C and O) is shown as the solid orange line, with a shaded blue band denoting the 1σ confidence interval. The regression relation is 6.11.9+1.9×105×Tc+0.100.02+0.02$ - 6.1_{ - 1.9}^{ + 1.9} \times {10^{ - 5}} \times {T_c} + 0.10_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}$. A fit excluding C and Ο is shown as the dashed orange line. Lower panel: same but using the solar abundances from Lodders (2019), which yields 8.45.4+4.0×105×Tc+0.070.05+0.07$ - 8.4_{ - 5.4}^{ + 4.0} \times {10^{ - 5}} \times {T_c} + 0.07_{ - 0.05}^{ + 0.07}$.

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