A fast machine learning tool to predict the composition of interstellar ices from infrared absorption spectra

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Volume 702 (October 2025)

A&A, 702 (2025) A87

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Table 3

Comparison of the ice column densities predicted by AICE and ENIIGMA (McClure et al. 2023) for the background stars NIR38 and J110621.

	Column density (10¹⁸ cm⁻²)

Molecule	NIR38		J110621

	AICE	ENIIGMA	AICE	ENIIGMA
H₂O (%)	${7.4}_{- 1.3}^{+ 2.0}$ $\[7.4_{-1.3}^{+2.0}\]$	${6.9}_{- 1.1}^{+ 1.9}$ $\[6.9_{-1.1}^{+1.9}\]$	$10_{- 2}^{+ 4}$ $\[10_{-2}^{+4}\]$	${13.4}_{- 1.9}^{+ 1.3}$ $\[13.4_{-1.9}^{+1.3}\]$
CO (%)	${2.0}_{- 0.4}^{+ 0.4}$ $\[2.0_{-0.4}^{+0.4}\]$	${3.0}_{- 0.4}^{+ 0.6}$ $\[3.0_{-0.4}^{+0.6}\]$	${2.9}_{- 0.7}^{+ 0.7}$ $\[2.9_{-0.7}^{+0.7}\]$	${3.7}_{- 0.4}^{+ 0.6}$ $\[3.7_{-0.4}^{+0.6}\]$
CO₂ (%)	${1.1}_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.4}$ $\[1.1_{-0.3}^{+0.4}\]$	${1.38}_{- 0.20}^{+ 0.20}$ $\[1.38_{-0.20}^{+0.20}\]$	${1.0}_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.4}$ $\[1.0_{-0.3}^{+0.4}\]$	${1.74}_{- 0.22}^{+ 0.21}$ $\[1.74_{-0.22}^{+0.21}\]$
CH₃OH (%)	${0.56}_{- 0.25}^{+ 0.25}$ $\[0.56_{-0.25}^{+0.25}\]$	${0.61}_{- 0.11}^{+ 0.11}$ $\[0.61_{-0.11}^{+0.11}\]$	${0.6}_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.4}$ $\[0.6_{-0.3}^{+0.4}\]$	${0.51}_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.19}$ $\[0.51_{-0.09}^{+0.19}\]$
NH₃ (%)	${0.21}_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.16}$ $\[0.21_{-0.14}^{+0.16}\]$	${0.30}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.22}$ $\[0.30_{-0.03}^{+0.22}\]$	${0.27}_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.24}$ $\[0.27_{-0.19}^{+0.24}\]$	${0.66}_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.15}$ $\[0.66_{-0.06}^{+0.15}\]$
CH₄ (%)	${0.30}_{- 0.11}^{+ 0.14}$ $\[0.30_{-0.11}^{+0.14}\]$	${0.18}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.02}$ $\[0.18_{-0.01}^{+0.02}\]$	${0.37}_{- 0.18}^{+ 0.24}$ $\[0.37_{-0.18}^{+0.24}\]$	${0.25}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.01}$ $\[0.25_{-0.03}^{+0.01}\]$

Notes. We used the column density of solid CO to scale the fractional compositions predicted by AICE to derive the rest of molecular ice column densities.

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