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Table 5

Stages at which COMs in disks are dominantly formed.

Fiducial Higher Higher Higher Higher Shorter
Species case cloud prestellar mol. cloud cosmic-ray prestellar
mass density temperature ionization rate duration
CH3CCH Both Both Both Both Both Late
C3H6 Both Both Both Both Both Late

CH3OH Early Early Both Early Both Late
CH3CHO Both Both Both Early Both Late
c-C2H4O Late Late Late Early Late Late
CH3OCH3 Both Both Both Early Late Late
C2H5OH Early Early Both Early Late Late
C2H3CHO Late Late Late Both Late Late
C2H5CHO Late Late Late Early Late Late
CH3COCH3 Late Late Late Early Late Late
HCOOCH3 Late Late Late Late Late Late
CH3COOH Late Late Late Early Late Late
HOCH2CHO Late Late Late Late Late Late
C2H5OCH3 Late Late Late Early Late Late
CH3OCH2OH Late Late Late Both Late Late
HOC2H4OH Late Late Late Late Late Late
HOCHCHCHO Late Late Late Late Late Late
CH3COCH2OH Late Late Late Late Late Late

CH3CN Both Both Both Early Both Late
CH3NC Both Both Early Early Both Late
NH2CHO Late Late Late Both Late Late
C2H3CN Both Both Early Early Late Late
C2H5CN Late Late Both Both Late Late
CH3NCO Late Late Late Both Late Late
HOCH2CN Late Both Both Early Both Late

CH3SH Both Both Both Both Both Late

Notes. The horizontal lines separate the hydrocarbons, and the O-bearing, the N-bearing, and the S-bearing COMs. Early: species formed predominantly in the prestellar phase; Late: species formed mostly during the collapse; Both: species formed mostly during the collapse, but at least 10% formed in the prestellar phase.

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