Post-impact rotation period of Venus of the ‘cold models’ inferred from our simulations. The upper panel shows collisions with a 0.01 M_⊕ impactor, while the lower panel shows collisions with a 0.1 M_⊕ impactor. The marker colour describes the pre-impact rotation period, the edge colour the impact velocity, and the marker symbol the collision outcome according to the legend. The different pre-impact rotation periods are also displayed with the respective coloured vertical lines. The grey area corresponds to periods that are consistent with Venus’ present-day period.