LOS velocity profiles for a model galaxy that is perfectly aligned and centred (left, black circles), a model galaxy that is perfectly centred but misaligned (middle, dark grey crosses), and a model galaxy that is offset and misaligned (right, light grey squares) with respect to the central micro-shutter. The left panels show the models for a galaxy with an intrinsic velocity field with a maximum rotational velocity of 300 km s⁻¹. The right panels show the LOS velocity profiles for a galaxy without intrinsic rotational velocity, representing the effects from optics, the PSF, and data reduction steps. These effects can lead to observed LOS velocities of up to ∼50 km s⁻¹. The modelled galaxies have r_e = 0.13″(1.1 kpc at z ∼ 1.5), a Sérsic index of 1.5, and an axis ratio q of 0.3. The grey bands indicate the areas of the velocity profile that are affected by bar shadows from the MSA.