Multimodal atmospheric characterization of β Pictoris b - Adding high-resolution continuum spectra from GRAVITY

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Volume 704 (December 2025)

A&A, 704 (2025) A325

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Table B.4

Compilation of the best existing physical parameters estimations for β Pic b.

Reference	Data	Model	T_eff (K)	log(g) (dex)	[M/H]	C/O	R (R_Jup)	M (M_Jup)
Lagrange et al. (2009)	NaCo	COND	∼ 1600					$9_{- 2}^{+ 3}$ $9_{ - 2}^{ + 3}$
	NaCo	DUSTY	∼ 1400					$8_{- 2}^{+ 4}$ $8_{ - 2}^{ + 4}$

Quanz et al. (2010)	NaCo	DUSTY	∼ 1470	∼ 4.0				∼8

Bonnefoy et al. (2011)	NaCo	BT-Settl	1700 ± 300
	NaCo	COND/DUSTY	1470 − 1700					7–11

Currie et al. (2013)	photo + NICI	DUSTY	1575 − 1650	3.8 ± 0.2			1.65 ± 0.06	$7_{- 3}^{+ 4}$ $7_{ - 3}^{ + 4}$

Bonnefoy et al. (2013)	photo	PHOENIX	1700 ± 100	4.0 ± 0.5			1.4 ± 0.2
	photo	COND/DUSTY	$1594_{- 77}^{+ 105}$ $1594_{ - 77}^{ + 105}$	${4.0}_{- 0.08}^{+ 0.17}$ $4.0_{ - 0.08}^{ + 0.17}$			${1.5}_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.04}$ $1.5_{ - 0.10}^{ + 0.04}$	$9_{- 1.5}^{+ 3.4}$ $9_{ - 1.5}^{ + 3.4}$

Males et al. (2014)	photo + VisAO	COND/DUSTY	1643 ± 32	3.8 ± 0.2			1.43 ± 0.02	11.9 ± 0.7

Bonnefoy et al. (2014)	GPI, rv	astrometry						< 20
	GPI	PHOENIX	1650 ± 150	< 4.7			1.5 ± 0.2

Chilcote et al. (2015)	GPI	PHOENIX	1600 − 1700	3.5 − 4.5

Baudino et al. (2015)	photo	Exo-REM	1550 ± 150	3.5 ± 1			1.76 ± 0.24

Morzinski et al. (2015)	photo + Clio	PHOENIX	1708 ± 23	∼ 4.2			1.45 ± 0.02	12.7 ± 0.3

Chilcote et al. (2017)	GPI, photo	COND/DUSTY	1724 ± 15	4.18 ± 0.01			1.46 ± 0.01	12.9 ± 0.2
	GPI, photo	Drift-Phoenix	∼ 1700	∼ 4.0			∼ 1.41
	GPI, photo	AMES-Dusty	∼ 1800	∼ 3.5			∼ 1.17
	GPI, photo	BT-Settl	∼ 1800	∼ 3.5			∼ 1.22

Hoeijmakers et al. (2018)	SINFONI	BT-Settl	∼ 1700	∼ 3.5

GRAVITY Collaboration*	GRAVITY	Exo-REM	1700 ± 50	∼ 3.5	∼ −0.5	≤ 0.30		∼ 2.0
	GRAVITY, GPI	Exo-REM	1590 ± 20	∼ 4.0	∼ 0.5	0.43 ± 0.05		∼ 12.4
	GRAVITY	pRT	1847 ± 55	${3.3}_{- 0.42}^{+ 0.54}$ $3.3_{ - 0.42}^{ + 0.54}$	$- {0.53}_{- 0.34}^{+ 0.28}$ $- 0.53_{ - 0.34}^{ + 0.28}$	${0.35}_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.07}$ $0.35_{ - 0.09}^{ + 0.07}$		${1.4}_{- 0.87}^{+ 3.94}$ $1.4_{ - 0.87}^{ + 3.94}$
	GRAVITY, GPI	pRT	1742 ± 10	${4.34}_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.08}$ $4.34_{ - 0.09}^{ + 0.08}$	${0.68}_{- 0.08}^{+ 0.11}$ $0.68_{ - 0.08}^{ + 0.11}$	${0.43}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.04}$ $0.43_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.04}$		${15.43}_{- 2.79}^{+ 2.91}$ $15.43_{ - 2.79}^{ + 2.91}$

Lagrange et al. (2020)	GRAVITY, SPHERE, rv	astrometry						9.7 ±0.7

Brandt et al. (2021)	GRAVITY, rv	astrometry						${9.3}_{- 2.5}^{+ 2.6}$ $9.3_{ - 2.5}^{ + 2.6}$

Lacour et al. (2021)	GRAVITY, rv	astrometry						${11.9}_{- 3.04}^{+ 2.93}$ $11.9_{ - 3.04}^{ + 2.93}$

Landman et al. (2024)	CRIRES₊	pRT, nominal			−0.39 ± 0.16	0.41 ± 0.04
	CRIRES₊	pRT, free			0.49 ± 0.25	0.41 ± 0.04
	CRIRES₊	pRT, cloudy			−0.10 ± 0.20	0.38 ± 0.05
	CRIRES₊	pRT, * priors			0.72 ± 0.06	0.48 ± 0.03

Worthen et al. (2024)	MIRI, GRAVITY, GPI, photo	Drift-Phoenix	$1738_{- 21}^{+ 16}$ $1738_{ - 21}^{ + 16}$	4.03 ± 0.07	0.18 ± 0.07		${1.40}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.04}$ $1.40_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.04}$
	MIRI, GRAVITY, GPI, photo	ATMO	$1703_{- 44}^{+ 37}$ $1703_{ - 44}^{ + 37}$	${3.98}_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.08}$ $3.98_{ - 0.12}^{ + 0.08}$	$- {0.12}_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.20}$ $- 0.12_{ - 0.19}^{ + 0.20}$	${0.39}_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.10}$ $0.39_{ - 0.06}^{ + 0.10}$	1.39 ± 0.06
	MIRI, GRAVITY, GPI, photo	Exo-REM	$1471_{- 18}^{+ 20}$ $1471_{ - 18}^{ + 20}$	${3.71}_{- 0.08}^{+ 0.07}$ $3.71_{ - 0.08}^{ + 0.07}$	${0.90}_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.07}$ $0.90_{ - 0.13}^{ + 0.07}$	${0.36}_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.13}$ $0.36_{ - 0.05}^{ + 0.13}$	1.97 ± 0.05

Kiefer et al. (2024)	SINFONI	Exo-REM, free	$1555_{- 29}^{+ 22}$ $1555_{ - 29}^{ + 22}$	${3.12}_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.12}$ $3.12_{ - 0.09}^{ + 0.12}$	$- {0.325}_{- 0.045}^{+ 0.065}$ $- 0.325_{ - 0.045}^{ + 0.065}$	${0.79}_{- 0.11}^{+ 0.01}$ $0.79_{ - 0.11}^{ + 0.01}$
	SINFONI	Exo-REM, log(g) prior	$1746_{- 3}^{+ 4}$ $1746_{ - 3}^{ + 4}$	4.185 ± 0.010	$- {0.235}_{- 0.011}^{+ 0.014}$ $- 0.235_{ - 0.011}^{ + 0.014}$	0.551 ± 0.002
	SINFONI	Exo-REM, T_eff prior	$1748_{- 4}^{+ 3}$ $1748_{ - 4}^{ + 3}$	${4.216}_{- 0.031}^{+ 0.027}$ $4.216_{ - 0.031}^{ + 0.027}$	$- {0.235}_{- 0.013}^{+ 0.015}$ $- 0.235_{ - 0.013}^{ + 0.015}$	0.551 ± 0.002
	SINFONI	Exo-REM, both priors	$1745_{- 2}^{+ 3}$ $1745_{ - 2}^{ + 3}$	4.183 ± 0.010	$- {0.235}_{- 0.013}^{+ 0.015}$ $- 0.235_{ - 0.013}^{ + 0.015}$	0.551 ± 0.002

Houllé et al. (2025)	MATISSE, GRAVITY fixed	Exo-REM	1529 ± 3	3.84 ± 0.03	0.30 ± 0.03	${0.539}_{- 0.002}^{+ 0.003}$ $0.539_{ - 0.002}^{ + 0.003}$	1.943 ± 0.008	10.5 ± 0.7
	MATISSE fixed, GRAVITY	Exo-REM	1529 ± 3	3.83 ± 0.04	0.30 ± 0.03	0.539 ± 0.003	${2.085}_{- 0.009}^{+ 0.008}$ $2.085_{ - 0.009}^{ + 0.008}$	11.8 ± 0.9

Notes. "photo" refers to photometry litterature that are iteratively combined (NaCo, NICI, VisAO, Clio).

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