Multimodal atmospheric characterization of β Pictoris b - Adding high-resolution continuum spectra from GRAVITY

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Volume 704 (December 2025)

A&A, 704 (2025) A325

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Table 4

Extra-grid priors and posteriors for each forward modeling presented in this section.

Parameter	R (R_Jup)	rv_2019/11/09 (km s⁻¹)	rv_2019/11/11 (km s⁻¹)	rv_2021/08/27 (km s⁻¹)	rv_2022/01/24 (km s⁻¹)
Exo-REM priors	U (1, 2)	U (−50, 50)	U (−50, 50)	U (−50, 50)	U (−50, 50)
Exo-REM posteriors	B (1.74, 1.87)	B (29.39, 49.97)	${24.12}_{- 2.19}^{+ 2.18}$ $24.12_{ - 2.19}^{ + 2.18}$	${24.79}_{- 2.19}^{+ 2.18}$ $24.79_{ - 2.19}^{ + 2.18}$	${40.32}_{- 1.06}^{+ 1.03}$ $40.32_{ - 1.06}^{ + 1.03}$
Strongest node	1.73 ± 0.01	B (29.39, 49.97)	${24.12}_{- 2.19}^{+ 2.18}$ $24.12_{ - 2.19}^{ + 2.18}$	${24.79}_{- 2.19}^{+ 2.18}$ $24.79_{ - 2.19}^{ + 2.18}$	${40.32}_{- 1.06}^{+ 1.03}$ $40.32_{ - 1.06}^{ + 1.03}$

ATMO priors	U (1, 2)	U (−50, 50)	U (−50, 50)	U (−50, 50)	U (−50, 50)
ATMO posteriors	${1.160}_{- 0.002}^{+ 0.005}$ $1.160_{ - 0.002}^{ + 0.005}$	B (30.66, 50.00)	${26.12}_{- 1.75}^{+ 1.68}$ $26.12_{ - 1.75}^{ + 1.68}$	${26.63}_{- 2.30}^{+ 2.31}$ $26.63_{ - 2.30}^{ + 2.31}$	${42.28}_{- 1.10}^{+ 1.08}$ $42.28_{ - 1.10}^{ + 1.08}$

BT-Settl priors	U (1, 2)	U (−50, 50)	U (−50, 50)	U (−50, 50)	U (−50, 50)
BT-Settl posteriors	1.56 ± 0.01	${42.18}_{- 2.10}^{+ 1.89}$ $42.18_{ - 2.10}^{ + 1.89}$	${28.52}_{- 3.35}^{+ 3.29}$ $28.52_{ - 3.35}^{ + 3.29}$	${26.88}_{- 4.48}^{+ 4.58}$ $26.88_{ - 4.48}^{ + 4.58}$	${34.93}_{- 2.02}^{+ 2.08}$ $34.93_{ - 2.02}^{ + 2.08}$

Sonora priors	U (1, 2)	U (−50, 50)	U (−50, 50)	U (−50, 50)	U (−50, 50)
Sonora posteriors	1.56 ± 0.02	${40.02}_{- 2.89}^{+ 2.28}$ $40.02_{ - 2.89}^{ + 2.28}$	${25.94}_{- 3.23}^{+ 3.17}$ $25.94_{ - 3.23}^{ + 3.17}$	${26.02}_{- 4.53}^{+ 4.45}$ $26.02_{ - 4.53}^{ + 4.45}$	${32.61}_{- 2.11}^{+ 4.45}$ $32.61_{ - 2.24}^{ + 2.11}$

Notes. The radial velocities display hereafter are in the reference frame of the sun (e.g., rv = rv_{β Pic A} + rv_{β Pic b}).

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