TDCOSMO 2025: Cosmological constraints from strong lensing time delays

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Volume 704 (December 2025)

A&A, 704 (2025) A63

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Table 6.

Cosmological parameters in flat ΛCDM.

Model ID	Experiments/datasets	Lensing datasets	H₀ [km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹]	Ω_m	λ_int
UΛCDM1	TDCOSMO	TDCOSMO-2025	$73 . 7_{- 4.4}^{+ 4.7}$ $73.7^{+4.7}_{-4.4}$	$0 . 232_{- 0.120}^{+ 0.155}$ $0.232^{+0.155}_{-0.120}$	$1 . 00_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.07}$ $1.00^{+0.07}_{-0.06}$
UΛCDM2	TDCOSMO	TDCOSMO-2025 + SLACS	$76 . 8_{- 4.6}^{+ 3.9}$ $76.8^{+3.9}_{-4.6}$	$0 . 190_{- 0.110}^{+ 0.163}$ $0.190^{+0.163}_{-0.110}$	$1 . 06_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.06}$ $1.06^{+0.06}_{-0.06}$
UΛCDM3	TDCOSMO	TDCOSMO-2025 + SL2S	$74 . 2_{- 4.5}^{+ 4.6}$ $74.2^{+4.6}_{-4.5}$	$0 . 229_{- 0.119}^{+ 0.161}$ $0.229^{+0.161}_{-0.119}$	$1 . 00_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.07}$ $1.00^{+0.07}_{-0.06}$
UΛCDM4	TDCOSMO	TDCOSMO-2025 + SLACS + SL2S	$77 . 8_{- 4.7}^{+ 3.7}$ $77.8^{+3.7}_{-4.7}$	$0 . 172_{- 0.094}^{+ 0.175}$ $0.172^{+0.175}_{-0.094}$	$1 . 06_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.06}$ $1.06^{+0.06}_{-0.06}$

ΛCDM1a	TDCOSMO + Pantheon+	TDCOSMO-2025	$71 . 6_{- 3.3}^{+ 3.9}$ $71.6^{+3.9}_{-3.3}$	$0 . 332_{- 0.018}^{+ 0.018}$ $0.332^{+0.018}_{-0.018}$	$0 . 97_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.06}$ $0.97^{+0.06}_{-0.05}$
ΛCDM1b	TDCOSMO + Pantheon+	TDCOSMO-2025 + SLACS	$74 . 1_{- 3.3}^{+ 3.6}$ $74.1^{+3.6}_{-3.3}$	$0 . 336_{- 0.019}^{+ 0.017}$ $0.336^{+0.017}_{-0.019}$	$1 . 03_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.05}$ $1.03^{+0.05}_{-0.06}$
ΛCDM1c	TDCOSMO + Pantheon+	TDCOSMO-2025 + SL2S	$72 . 1_{- 3.4}^{+ 3.6}$ $72.1^{+3.6}_{-3.4}$	$0 . 333_{- 0.018}^{+ 0.019}$ $0.333^{+0.019}_{-0.018}$	$0 . 98_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.05}$ $0.98^{+0.05}_{-0.05}$
ΛCDM1d	TDCOSMO + Pantheon+	TDCOSMO-2025 + SLACS + SL2S	$74 . 3_{- 3.7}^{+ 3.1}$ $74.3^{+3.1}_{-3.7}$	$0 . 335_{- 0.020}^{+ 0.017}$ $0.335^{+0.017}_{-0.020}$	$1 . 03_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.04}$ $1.03^{+0.04}_{-0.04}$
ΛCDM2a	TDCOSMO + DES-SN5YR	TDCOSMO-2025	$71 . 2_{- 3.6}^{+ 3.7}$ $71.2^{+3.7}_{-3.6}$	$0 . 353_{- 0.017}^{+ 0.016}$ $0.353^{+0.016}_{-0.017}$	$0 . 96_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.05}$ $0.96^{+0.05}_{-0.05}$
ΛCDM2b	TDCOSMO + DES-SN5YR	TDCOSMO-2025 + SLACS + SL2S	$73 . 9_{- 3.0}^{+ 3.4}$ $73.9^{+3.4}_{-3.0}$	$0 . 353_{- 0.019}^{+ 0.018}$ $0.353^{+0.018}_{-0.019}$	$1 . 03_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.05}$ $1.03^{+0.05}_{-0.04}$
ΛCDM3a	TDCOSMO + DESI BAO	TDCOSMO-2025	$72 . 4_{- 3.6}^{+ 3.9}$ $72.4^{+3.9}_{-3.6}$	$0 . 297_{- 0.008}^{+ 0.009}$ $0.297^{+0.009}_{-0.008}$	$0 . 98_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.06}$ $0.98^{+0.06}_{-0.06}$
ΛCDM3b	TDCOSMO + DESI BAO	TDCOSMO-2025 + SLACS + SL2S	$74 . 8_{- 3.4}^{+ 3.5}$ $74.8^{+3.5}_{-3.4}$	$0 . 298_{- 0.008}^{+ 0.009}$ $0.298^{+0.009}_{-0.008}$	$1 . 03_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.05}$ $1.03^{+0.05}_{-0.04}$

Notes. Reported values are medians, with errors corresponding to the 16th and 84th percentiles.

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