Millions of main-sequence binary stars from Gaia BP/RP spectra

Open Access

Fig. 11

Distribution of $\log_{10} (χ_{single}^{2} / χ_{binary}^{2})$ ${\log _{10}}\left( {\chi _{{\rm{single\;}}}^2/\chi _{{\rm{binary\;}}}^2} \right)$ for a subset of Gaia DR3 XP spectra, illustrating the statistical separation between single-star and binary models. The histogram shows the frequency of sources as a function of ∆χ², with the classifiation based on an optimal threshold S (calibrated to maximize the F_β-score with β = 0.5) used to classify binary systems.

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