Spectroscopic analysis of hydrogen and silicon in bright fireballs: New insights into meteoroid composition

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Table E.1

H/Si atomic number ratio comparison between this work and the literature.

This study

Mass Range T(K) n_e(cm^–3)	H/Si						N	Notes

		Combined	10500 4.8 × 10¹³	10000 4.8 × 10¹³	11000 4.8 × 10¹³	10500 1.0 × 10¹⁴			10500 2.5 × 10¹³
Smallest meteoroids (<0.01 kg)		3.6 ± 1.5	${3.6}_{- 0.7}^{+ 0.9}$ $3.6_{ - 0.7}^{ + 0.9}$	${2.2}_{- 0.4}^{+ 0.5}$ $2.2_{ - 0.4}^{ + 0.5}$	${5.1}_{- 1.0}^{+ 1.2}$ $5.1_{ - 1.0}^{ + 1.2}$	${2.1}_{- 0.4}^{+ 0.5}$ $2.1_{ - 0.4}^{ + 0.5}$		${5.6}_{- 1.1}^{+ 1.3}$ $5.6_{ - 1.1}^{ + 1.3}$	6	Cometary
Small meteoroids (0.01–0.1 kg)	6.4 ± 3.0	${6.4}_{- 1.0}^{+ 1.0}$ $6.4_{ - 1.0}^{ + 1.0}$	${3.9}_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.6}$ $3.9_{ - 0.6}^{ + 0.6}$	${9.1}_{- 1.4}^{+ 1.4}$ $9.1_{ - 1.4}^{ + 1.4}$	${3.6}_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.6}$ $3.6_{ - 0.6}^{ + 0.6}$	${10.0}_{- 1.6}^{+ 1.6}$ $10.0_{ - 1.6}^{ + 1.6}$	14	Cometary
Medium meteoroids (0.1–0.5 kg)	8.7 ± 4.0	${8.7}_{- 2.1}^{+ 2.2}$ $8.7_{ - 2.1}^{ + 2.2}$	${5.3}_{- 1.3}^{+ 1.3}$ $5.3_{ - 1.3}^{ + 1.3}$	${12.5}_{- 3.0}^{+ 3.1}$ $12.5_{ - 3.0}^{ + 3.1}$	${5.0}_{- 1.2}^{+ 1.3}$ $5.0_{ - 1.2}^{ + 1.3}$	${13.7}_{- 3.3}^{+ 3.4}$ $13.7_{ - 3.3}^{ + 3.4}$	5	Cometary
Large meteoroids (>0.5 kg)	23 ± 10	$23_{- 5}^{+ 5}$ $23_{ - 5}^{ + 5}$	${13.9}_{- 3.0}^{+ 3.1}$ $13.9_{ - 3.0}^{ + 3.1}$	$33_{- 7}^{+ 7}$ $33_{ - 7}^{ + 7}$	${13.1}_{- 2.8}^{+ 2.9}$ $13.1_{ - 2.8}^{ + 2.9}$	$36_{- 8}^{+ 8}$ $36_{ - 8}^{ + 8}$	6	Cometary
Asteroidal	4.5 ± 3.5	${4.5}_{- 3.2}^{+ 4.0}$ $4.5_{ - 3.2}^{ + 4.0}$	${2.7}_{- 2.0}^{+ 2.4}$ $2.7_{ - 2.0}^{ + 2.4}$	${6.5}_{- 4.6}^{+ 5.7}$ $6.5_{ - 4.6}^{ + 5.7}$	${2.6}_{- 1.8}^{+ 2.3}$ $2.6_{ - 1.8}^{ + 2.3}$	${7.1}_{- 5.0}^{+ 6.2}$ $7.1_{ - 5.0}^{ + 6.2}$	2	asteroidal

Literature

Category	H/Si	N	Source/Reference	Notes
Meteors - Perseids	0.8 & 1.5	2	Borovička & Betlem, 1997	photographiC speCtra, H_β
Meteors - Perseids and Leonids	1.5–21.4	9	Borovička et al., 2004	photographiC speCtra
Meteors - Leonid	4.4	1	Jenniskens & Mandell, 2004	video speCtrum

Comets - Halley’s dust	10.95 ± 2.37	–	Jessberger, 1988	PUMA–1 mass speCtrometer
Comets - 67P/Churyumov –Gerasimenko dust	${5.72}_{- 1.25}^{+ 1.46}$ $5.72_{ - 1.25}^{ + 1.46}$	–	Engrand et al., 2024	COSIMA instrument

Meteorites - CI chondrites	5.308	–	Wasson & Kallemeyn, 1988
Meteorites - CI chondrites	5.29	–	Anders & Grevesse, 1989	Compilation
Meteorites - CI chondrites	5.13	–	Lodders et al., 2009
Meteorites - CI chondrites	4.81 ± 0.94	–	Lodders, 2020
Meteorites - CM chondrites	3.024	–	Wasson & Kallemeyn, 1988
Meteorites - CV chondrites	0.50	–	Wasson & Kallemeyn, 1988
Meteorites - CO chondrites	0.12	–	Wasson & Kallemeyn, 1988

Notes. The combined values correspond to the adopted plasma parameters (10500 K, 4.8 × 10¹³ cm⁻³). Their quoted uncertainties combine the measurement and statistical errors of the adopted case with the variation across all tested plasma conditions. The uncertainties of the other values from this study are a combination of the measurement and statistical errors.

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