Active galactic nuclei-heated dust revealed in “little red dots”

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Table B.1.

Main input parameters for SED fitting with CIGALE (Section 4.1).

Module	Parameter	Symbol	Values
	Stellar e-folding time	τ_star (10⁶ yr)	150, 200, 300, 500, 700, 900^*
Star formation history	Stellar age	t_star (10⁶ yr)	200, 300, 500, 700, 900^*
[SFR ∝ texp(−t/τ)]	Age of the burst	t_burst (10⁶ yr)	10, 30, 50^*, 100
	SFR ratio after/before the burst	r_SFR	0.1, 0.5, 1^*, 2, 5, 10, 30, 50

Single stellar population	Initial mass function	–	Chabrier (2003)
[(Bruzual & Charlot 2003)]	Metallicity	Z	0.0004, 0.008, 0.02^*

Nebular emission	Ionization parameter	log U	-2.0^*, -1.0
	Gas metallicity	Z_gas	0.0004^*, 0.008, 0.019
	Electron density	n_e	100,1000^*

	V-band attenuation (ISM)	A_V, ISM	0.01^*, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5
Dust attenuation	Fractional ISM attenuation	A_V, ISM / (A_V, BC+A_V, ISM)	0.44^*
[mod. (Charlot & Fall 2000)]	Power-law slope (ISM)	–	-0.7^*
	Power-law slope (BC)	–	-1.3^*

	Mass fraction of PAH	q_pah	0.47, 2.5, 3.9^*
Galactic dust emission	Minimum radiation field	U_min	1.0, 10, 20, 40^*
[(Dale et al. 2014)]	Slope in dM_dust ∝ U^−αdU	α	2.0^*
	Illuminated fraction [Umin–Umax]	γ	0.02^*

	Edge-on optical depth at 9.7μm	τ_9.7	3^*, 7
	Slope of radial dust density profile	–	1.0^*
	Slope of polar dust density profile	–	1.0^*
	Torus opening angle (from equator)	Θ	40^*
AGN disk+torus+polar dust:	Ratio outer/inner torus radius	–	20^*
SKIRTOR	Viewing angle (from vertical axis)	i	50^*, 70
[Stalevski et al. (2012; 2016)]	AGN fraction	f_AGN	0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 0.99^*
	Extinction law for polar dust	–	SMC
	E(B − V) in the polar direction	–	0.00, 0.05^*, 0.10
	Temperature of polar dust	–	100 K^*
	Emissivity of polar dust	–	1.6^*

Notes. (*) Asterisks mark the best-fit parameters obtained from the AGN run.

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