Comparison of the true and model-predicted stellar age profiles of different structures. From left to right, the panels display age profiles for Au-18, Au-23, and Au-28. The black, red, blue, and green lines denote the bar, bulge, disc, and stellar halo components, respectively. The solid lines represent the true mass-weighted age profiles, while the dashed lines denote the corresponding model-predicted profiles derived from mock datasets with different viewing angles.