The atmospheric composition of TOI-270 d | Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)

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Table A.1

Retrieved atmospheric parameters and prior probability distributions.

Parameter	Bayesian Prior	Description	Canonical Model		Without C2 H6

			Percentile	HPDI	Percentile	HPDI
$\log (X_{H_{2} O})$ ${\log \left( {{X_{{{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}}}} \right)}$	𝒰(−12, −0.3)	Mixing ratio of H₂O	$- {1.88}_{- 4.13}^{+ 0.78}$ ${ - 1.88_{ - 4.13}^{ + 0.78}}$	$- {1.23}_{- 1.68}^{+ 0.55}$ ${ - 1.23_{ - 1.68}^{ + 0.55}}$	$- {1.52}_{- 4.07}^{+ 0.53}$ ${ - 1.52_{ - 4.07}^{ + 0.53}}$	$- {1.00}_{- 1.34}^{+ 0.31}$ ${ - 1.00_{ - 1.34}^{ + 0.31}}$
$\log (X_{{CH}_{4}})$ ${\log \left( {{X_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_4}}}} \right)}$	𝒰(−12, −0.3)	Mixing ratio of CH₄	$- {1.86}_{- 0.29}^{+ 0.30}$ ${ - 1.86_{ - 0.29}^{ + 0.30}}$	$- {1.82}_{- 0.32}^{+ 0.28}$ ${ - 1.82_{ - 0.32}^{ + 0.28}}$	$- {1.77}_{- 0.32}^{+ 0.30}$ ${ - 1.77_{ - 0.32}^{ + 0.30}}$	$- {1.85}_{- 0.23}^{+ 0.39}$ ${ - 1.85_{ - 0.23}^{ + 0.39}}$
$\log (X_{{NH}_{3}})$ ${\log \left( {{X_{{\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_3}}}} \right)}$	𝒰(−12, −0.3)	Mixing ratio of NH₃	$- {8.22}_{- 2.40}^{+ 2.39} (- 4.24)$ ${ - 8.22_{ - 2.40}^{ + 2.39}( - 4.24)}$	$- {6.61}_{- 4.14}^{+ 0.65}$ ${ - 6.61_{ - 4.14}^{ + 0.65}}$	$- {8.14}_{- 2.45}^{+ 2.53} (- 4.02)$ ${ - 8.14_{ - 2.45}^{ + 2.53}( - 4.02)}$	$- {7.47}_{- 3.22}^{+ 1.74}$ ${ - 7.47_{ - 3.22}^{ + 1.74}}$
log(X_CO)	𝒰(−12, −0.3)	Mixing ratio of CO	$- {6.30}_{- 3.64}^{+ 3.59} (- 1.32)$ ${ - 6.30_{ - 3.64}^{ + 3.59}( - 1.32)}$	$- {2.91}_{- 5.64}^{+ 1.44}$ ${ - 2.91_{ - 5.64}^{ + 1.44}}$	$- {6.36}_{- 3.77}^{+ 3.81} (- 1.28)$ ${ - 6.36_{ - 3.77}^{ + 3.81}( - 1.28)}$	$- {2.29}_{- 6.36}^{+ 1.01}$ ${ - 2.29_{ - 6.36}^{ + 1.01}}$
$\log (X_{C O_{2}})$ $\log \left( {{X_{C{O_2}}}} \right)$	𝒰(−12, −0.3)	Mixing ratio of CO₂	$- {1.71}_{- 0.66}^{+ 0.38}$ ${ - 1.71_{ - 0.66}^{ + 0.38}}$	$- {1.50}_{- 0.57}^{+ 0.32}$ ${ - 1.50_{ - 0.57}^{ + 0.32}}$	$- {1.89}_{- 0.77}^{+ 0.50}$ ${ - 1.89_{ - 0.77}^{ + 0.50}}$	$- {1.36}_{- 0.94}^{+ 0.19}$ ${ - 1.36_{ - 0.94}^{ + 0.19}}$
log(X_HCN)	𝒰(−12, −0.3)	Mixing ratio of HCN	$- {8.33}_{- 2.35}^{+ 2.43} (- 4.28)$ ${ - 8.33_{ - 2.35}^{ + 2.43}( - 4.28)}$	$- {9.36}_{- 1.39}^{+ 3.38}$ ${ - 9.36_{ - 1.39}^{ + 3.38}}$	$- {8.19}_{- 2.46}^{+ 2.52} (- 4.08)$ ${ - 8.19_{ - 2.46}^{ + 2.52}( - 4.08)}$	$- {8.37}_{- 2.48}^{+ 2.46}$ ${ - 8.37_{ - 2.48}^{ + 2.46}}$
$\log (X_{C_{2} H_{2}})$ ${\log \left( {{X_{{{\rm{C}}_2}{{\rm{H}}_2}}}} \right)}$	𝒰(−12, −0.3)	Mixing ratio of C₂H₂	$- {8.64}_{- 2.16}^{+ 2.18} (- 5.01)$ ${ - 8.64_{ - 2.16}^{ + 2.18}( - 5.01)}$	$- {8.16}_{- 2.59}^{+ 1.74}$ ${ - 8.16_{ - 2.59}^{ + 1.74}}$	$- {8.51}_{- 2.22}^{+ 2.20} (- 4.90)$ ${ - 8.51_{ - 2.22}^{ + 2.20}( - 4.90)}$	$- {9.82}_{- 1.03}^{+ 3.38}$ ${ - 9.82_{ - 1.03}^{ + 3.38}}$
$\log (X_{C_{2} H_{6}})$ ${\log \left( {{X_{{{\rm{C}}_2}{{\rm{H}}_6}}}} \right)}$	𝒰(−12, −0.3)	Mixing ratio of C₂H₆	$- {2.20}_{- 2.01}^{+ 0.87}$ ${ - 2.20_{ - 2.01}^{ + 0.87}}$	$- {1.81}_{- 1.12}^{+ 0.88}$ ${ - 1.81_{ - 1.12}^{ + 0.88}}$	-	-
$\log (X_{{CH}_{3} OH})$ ${\log \left( {{X_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_3}{\rm{OH}}}}} \right)}$	𝒰(−12, −0.3)	Mixing ratio of CH₃OH	$- {6.94}_{- 3.51}^{+ 3.40} (- 1.46)$ ${ - 6.94_{ - 3.51}^{ + 3.40}( - 1.46)}$	$- {4.53}_{- 5.07}^{+ 1.8}$ ${ - 4.53_{ - 5.07}^{ + 1.8}}$	$- {6.65}_{- 3.47}^{+ 3.44} (- 1.56)$ ${ - 6.65_{ - 3.47}^{ + 3.44}( - 1.56)}$	$- {4.99}_{- 5.15}^{+ 1.74}$ ${ - 4.99_{ - 5.15}^{ + 1.74}}$
$\log (X_{H_{2} S})$ ${\log \left( {{X_{{{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{S}}}}} \right)}$	𝒰(−12, −0.3)	Mixing ratio of H₂S	$- {6.94}_{- 3.18}^{+ 3.28} (- 1.80)$ ${ - 6.94_{ - 3.18}^{ + 3.28}( - 1.80)}$	$- {7.59}_{- 2.93}^{+ 3.49}$ ${ - 7.59_{ - 2.93}^{ + 3.49}}$	$- {6.73}_{- 3.30}^{+ 3.43} (- 1.66)$ ${ - 6.73_{ - 3.30}^{ + 3.43}( - 1.66)}$	$- {8.64}_{- 1.35}^{+ 5.37}$ ${ - 8.64_{ - 1.35}^{ + 5.37}}$
$\log (X_{{SO}_{2}})$ ${\log \left( {{X_{{\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}} \right)}$	𝒰(−12, −0.3)	Mixing ratio of SO₂	$- {8.25}_{- 2.39}^{+ 2.36} (- 4.46)$ ${ - 8.25_{ - 2.39}^{ + 2.36}( - 4.46)}$	$- {7.20}_{- 3.51}^{+ 1.23}$ ${ - 7.20_{ - 3.51}^{ + 1.23}}$	$- {8.20}_{- 2.43}^{+ 2.42} (- 4.35)$ ${ - 8.20_{ - 2.43}^{ + 2.42}( - 4.35)}$	$- {7.92}_{- 3.12}^{+ 1.70}$ ${ - 7.92_{ - 3.12}^{ + 1.70}}$
log(X_DMS)	𝒰(−12, −0.3)	Mixing ratio of DMS	$- {7.84}_{- 2.67}^{+ 2.43} (- 4.54)$ ${ - 7.84_{ - 2.67}^{ + 2.43}( - 4.54)}$	$- {5.12}_{- 4.42}^{+ 0.43}$ ${ - 5.12_{ - 4.42}^{ + 0.43}}$	$- {5.80}_{- 3.71}^{+ 1.00} (- 4.30)$ ${ - 5.80_{ - 3.71}^{ + 1.00}( - 4.30)}$	$- {5.04}_{- 2.75}^{+ 0.75}$ ${ - 5.04_{ - 2.75}^{ + 0.75}}$
$\log (X_{{CS}_{2}})$ ${\log \left( {{X_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{S}}_2}}}} \right)}$	𝒰(−12, −0.3)	Mixing ratio of CS₂	$- {4.74}_{- 1.10}^{+ 0.65} (- 3.48)$ ${ - 4.74_{ - 1.10}^{ + 0.65}( - 3.48)}$	$- {4.63}_{- 0.73}^{+ 0.79}$ ${ - 4.63_{ - 0.73}^{ + 0.79}}$	$- {4.71}_{- 1.14}^{+ 0.65} (- 3.52)$ ${ - 4.71_{ - 1.14}^{ + 0.65}( - 3.52)}$	$- {4.44}_{- 0.97}^{+ 0.57}$ ${ - 4.44_{ - 0.97}^{ + 0.57}}$
$\log (X_{{CH}_{3} Cl})$ ${\log \left( {{X_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_3}{\rm{Cl}}}}} \right)}$	𝒰(−12, −0.3)	Mixing ratio of CH₃Cl	$- {7.99}_{- 2.55}^{+ 2.60} (- 3.85)$ ${ - 7.99_{ - 2.55}^{ + 2.60}( - 3.85)}$	$- {7.14}_{- 3.66}^{+ 1.44}$ ${ - 7.14_{ - 3.66}^{ + 1.44}}$	$- {7.56}_{- 2.83}^{+ 2.85} (- 3.41)$ ${ - 7.56_{ - 2.83}^{ + 2.85}( - 3.41)}$	$- {7.19}_{- 2.60}^{+ 3.03}$ ${ - 7.19_{ - 2.60}^{ + 3.03}}$
log(X_OCS)	𝒰(−12, −0.3)	Mixing ratio of OCS	$- {7.65}_{- 2.71}^{+ 2.42} (- 3.86)$ ${ - 7.65_{ - 2.71}^{ + 2.42}( - 3.86)}$	$- {7.71}_{- 2.01}^{+ 3.01}$ ${ - 7.71_{ - 2.01}^{ + 3.01}}$	$- {7.60}_{- 2.83}^{+ 2.85} (- 3.72)$ ${ - 7.60_{ - 2.83}^{ + 2.85}( - 3.72)}$	$- {5.09}_{- 4.90}^{+ 0.28}$ ${ - 5.09_{ - 4.90}^{ + 0.28}}$
$\log (X_{N_{2} O})$ ${\log \left( {{X_{{{\rm{N}}_2}{\rm{O}}}}} \right)}$	𝒰(−12, −0.3)	Mixing ratio of N₂O	$- {8.45}_{- 2.24}^{+ 2.35} (- 4.59)$ ${ - 8.45_{ - 2.24}^{ + 2.35}( - 4.59)}$	$- {9.82}_{- 1.08}^{+ 3.47}$ ${ - 9.82_{ - 1.08}^{ + 3.47}}$	$- {8.34}_{- 2.34}^{+ 2.41} (- 4.37)$ ${ - 8.34_{ - 2.34}^{ + 2.41}( - 4.37)}$	$- {9.26}_{- 1.69}^{+ 3.02}$ ${ - 9.26_{ - 1.69}^{ + 3.02}}$
T₀/K	𝒰(50, 600)	Temperature at 1 μbar	$273_{- 48}^{+ 51}$ ${273_{ - 48}^{ + 51}}$	$272_{- 54}^{+ 45}$ ${272_{ - 54}^{ + 45}}$	$285_{- 47}^{+ 51}$ ${285_{ - 47}^{ + 51}}$	$\begin{array}{l} 285_{- 56}^{+ 40} \\ T_{10_{m b a r}} / K \end{array}$ ${285_{ - 56}^{ + 40}}$
$T_{10_{m b a r}} / K$ ${T_{{{10}_{mbar}}}}/K$	-	Temperature at 10 mbar	$323_{- 52}^{+ 58}$ ${323_{ - 52}^{ + 58}}$	$310_{- 50}^{+ 58}$ ${310_{ - 50}^{ + 58}}$	$335_{- 49}^{+ 58}$ ${335_{ - 49}^{ + 58}}$	$325_{- 48}^{+ 60}$ ${325_{ - 48}^{ + 60}}$
$α_{1} / K^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ ${{\alpha _1}/{{\rm{K}}^{ - {1 \over 2}}}}$	𝒰(0.02, 2.00)	P-T profile curvature	${1.44}_{- 0.44}^{+ 0.37}$ ${1.44_{ - 0.44}^{ + 0.37}}$	${1.66}_{- 0.50}^{+ 0.28}$ ${1.66_{ - 0.50}^{ + 0.28}}$	${1.45}_{- 0.44}^{+ 0.36}$ ${1.45_{ - 0.44}^{ + 0.36}}$	${1.68}_{- 0.44}^{+ 0.32}$ ${1.68_{ - 0.44}^{ + 0.32}}$
$α_{2} / K^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ ${{\alpha _2}/{{\rm{K}}^{ - {1 \over 2}}}}$	𝒰(0.02, 2.00)	P-T profile curvature	${1.19}_{- 0.53}^{+ 0.59}$ ${1.19_{ - 0.53}^{ + 0.59}}$	${1.02}_{- 0.22}^{+ 0.85}$ ${1.02_{ - 0.22}^{ + 0.85}}$	${1.17}_{- 0.61}^{+ 0.54}$ ${1.17_{ - 0.61}^{ + 0.54}}$	${1.13}_{- 0.37}^{+ 0.74}$ ${1.13_{ - 0.37}^{ + 0.74}}$
log(P₁/bar)	𝒰(−6, 2)	P-T profile region limit	$- {1.59}_{- 1.74}^{+ 1.60}$ ${ - 1.59_{ - 1.74}^{ + 1.60}}$	$- {1.59}_{- 1.53}^{+ 1.79}$ ${ - 1.59_{ - 1.53}^{ + 1.79}}$	$- {1.61}_{- 1.69}^{+ 1.59}$ ${ - 1.61_{ - 1.69}^{ + 1.59}}$	$- {2.06}_{- 1.11}^{+ 2.16}$ ${ - 2.06_{ - 1.11}^{ + 2.16}}$
log(P₂/bar)	𝒰(−6, 2)	P-T profile region limit	$- {4.04}_{- 1.29}^{+ 1.77}$ ${ - 4.04_{ - 1.29}^{ + 1.77}}$	$- {4.36}_{- 1.61}^{+ 1.17}$ ${ - 4.36_{ - 1.61}^{ + 1.17}}$	$- {4.04}_{- 1.31}^{+ 1.73}$ ${ - 4.04_{ - 1.31}^{ + 1.73}}$	$- {4.43}_{- 1.53}^{+ 1.24}$ ${ - 4.43_{ - 1.53}^{ + 1.24}}$
log(P₃/bar)	𝒰(−2, 2)	P-T profile region limit	$- {0.57}_{- 1.32}^{+ 0.97}$ ${ - 0.57_{ - 1.32}^{ + 0.97}}$	${1.26}_{- 1.28}^{+ 0.73}$ ${1.26_{ - 1.28}^{ + 0.73}}$	$- {0.58}_{- 1.34}^{+ 0.96}$ ${ - 0.58_{ - 1.34}^{ + 0.96}}$	${1.46}_{- 1.51}^{+ 0.54}$ ${1.46_{ - 1.51}^{ + 0.54}}$
log(P_ref/bar)	𝒰(−6, 2)	Reference pressure at R_P	$- {3.41}_{- 0.24}^{+ 0.25}$ ${ - 3.41_{ - 0.24}^{ + 0.25}}$	$- {3.39}_{- 0.31}^{+ 0.18}$ ${ - 3.39_{ - 0.31}^{ + 0.18}}$	$- {3.48}_{- 0.25}^{+ 0.24}$ ${ - 3.48_{ - 0.25}^{ + 0.24}}$	$- {3.53}_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.30}$ ${ - 3.53_{ - 0.19}^{ + 0.30}}$
log(a)	𝒰(−4, 10)	Rayleigh enhancement	${1.11}_{- 3.29}^{+ 3.44}$ ${1.11_{ - 3.29}^{ + 3.44}}$	${1.30}_{- 4.29}^{+ 2.36}$ ${1.30_{ - 4.29}^{ + 2.36}}$	${0.87}_{- 3.15}^{+ 3.48}$ ${0.87_{ - 3.15}^{ + 3.48}}$	$- {0.71}_{- 2.31}^{+ 4.09}$ ${ - 0.71_{ - 2.31}^{ + 4.09}}$
γ	𝒰(−20, 2)	Scattering slope	$- {11.33}_{- 5.72}^{+ 6.94}$ ${ - 11.33_{ - 5.72}^{ + 6.94}}$	$- {15.91}_{- 3.67}^{+ 8.24}$ ${ - 15.91_{ - 3.67}^{ + 8.24}}$	$- {11.23}_{- 5.80}^{+ 6.85}$ ${ - 11.23_{ - 5.80}^{ + 6.85}}$	$- {16.07}_{- 2.8}^{+ 9.25}$ ${ - 16.07_{ - 2.8}^{ + 9.25}}$
log(P_c/bar)	𝒰(−6, 2)	Cloud top pressure	$- {2.09}_{- 0.48}^{+ 0.50}$ ${ - 2.09_{ - 0.48}^{ + 0.50}}$	$- {2.25}_{- 0.36}^{+ 0.62}$ ${ - 2.25_{ - 0.36}^{ + 0.62}}$	$- {2.37}_{- 0.43}^{+ 0.37}$ ${ - 2.37_{ - 0.43}^{ + 0.37}}$	$- {2.35}_{- 0.41}^{+ 0.38}$ ${ - 2.35_{ - 0.41}^{ + 0.38}}$
f_c	𝒰(0, 1)	Cloud and haze fraction	${0.82}_{- 0.20}^{+ 0.12}$ ${0.82_{ - 0.20}^{ + 0.12}}$	${0.95}_{- 0.21}^{+ 0.05}$ ${0.95_{ - 0.21}^{ + 0.05}}$	${0.86}_{- 0.15}^{+ 0.09}$ ${0.86_{ - 0.15}^{ + 0.09}}$	${0.96}_{- 0.16}^{+ 0.04}$ ${0.96_{ - 0.16}^{ + 0.04}}$
$δ_{{NIRS}_{pec}} / ppm$ ${{\delta _{{\rm{NIR}}{{\rm{S}}_{{\rm{pec}}}}{\rm{ }}}}/{\rm{ppm}}}$	𝒰(−250, 250)	NIRISS dataset offset	$28_{- 13}^{+ 12}$ ${28_{ - 13}^{ + 12}}$	$33_{- 17}^{+ 8}$ ${33_{ - 17}^{ + 8}}$	$29_{- 13}^{+ 13}$ ${29_{ - 13}^{ + 13}}$	$32_{- 15}^{+ 11}$ ${32_{ - 15}^{ + 11}}$

Note. For the parameter estimates, the central values and uncertainties in the Percentile columns correspond to the median and 16–84% percentiles (1-σ), with values in brackets corresponding to the 2-σ upper limits. The equivalent values in the Highest Posterior Density Interval (HPDI) columns correspond to the mode and HPDI for 68.27% of the probability. The temperature at 10 mbar, which corresponds to the observed photosphere, is derived from the retrieved P − T profile.

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