Probing neutral outflows in z ∼ 2 galaxies using JWST observations of Ca II H and K absorption lines

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Volume 705 (January 2026)

A&A, 705 (2026) A125

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Table 2.

Hydrogen column densities and mass outflow rates derived from Na I and Ca II.

	Fixed dust depletion		Wakker & Mathis (2000)		Empirical relation		Empirical relation

IDs	logN_H	logN_H	logN_H	logN_H	logN_H	logN_H	Ṁ_out	Ṁ_out

	from Na I	from Ca II	from Na I	from Ca II	from Na I	from Ca II	from Na I	from Ca II

	Eq. (5)	Eq. (6)	Eq. (11)	Eq. (12)	Eq. (9)	Eq. (10)	M_⊙/yr	M_⊙/yr
8002	21.6 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.1}$	21.5 $_{- 0.4}^{+ 0.8}$ $^{+0.8}_{-0.4}$	21.5 $_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.3}$ $^{+0.3}_{-0.2}$	23.0 $_{- 1.8}^{+ 3.5}$ $^{+3.5}_{-1.8}$	21.5 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.1}$	20.5 $_{- 0.7}^{+ 1.4}$ $^{+1.4}_{-0.7}$	73.0 $_{- 48.9}^{+ 100.9}$ $^{+100.9}_{-48.9}$	7.1 $_{- 4.8}^{+ 47.7}$ $^{+47.7}_{-4.8}$
18668	21.8 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.1}$	22.1 $_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.3}$ $^{+0.3}_{-0.3}$	21.7 $_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.2}$	25.9 $_{- 1.5}^{+ 1.4}$ $^{+1.4}_{-1.5}$	21.7 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.1}$	21.6 $_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.6}$ $^{+0.6}_{-0.6}$	63.9 $_{- 22.6}^{+ 42.7}$ $^{+42.7}_{-22.6}$	55.9 $_{- 38.5}^{+ 134.0}$ $^{+134.0}_{-38.5}$
11142	21.4 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.1}$	21.4 $_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.3}$ $^{+0.3}_{-0.2}$	21.3 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.1}$	22.5 $_{- 0.7}^{+ 1.2}$ $^{+1.2}_{-0.7}$	21.3 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.1}$	20.3 $_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.5}$ $^{+0.5}_{-0.3}$	27.0 $_{- 9.3}^{+ 9.8}$ $^{+9.8}_{-9.3}$	2.7 $_{- 1.0}^{+ 2.5}$ $^{+2.5}_{-1.0}$
16874	20.9 $_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.2}$	21.7 $_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.5}$ $^{+0.5}_{-0.3}$	20.7 $_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.2}$	24.0 $_{- 1.4}^{+ 2.2}$ $^{+2.2}_{-1.4}$	20.8 $_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.2}$	20.8 $_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.9}$ $^{+0.9}_{-0.6}$	7.7 $_{- 3.6}^{+ 6.0}$ $^{+6.0}_{-3.6}$	9.4 $_{- 5.7}^{+ 34.6}$ $^{+34.6}_{-5.7}$
9395	20.6 $_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.3}$	21.3 $_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.5}$ $^{+0.5}_{-0.3}$	20.3 $_{- 0.4}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.4}$	22.2 $_{- 1.3}^{+ 2.4}$ $^{+2.4}_{-1.3}$	20.4 $_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.3}$	20.1 $_{- 0.5}^{+ 1.0}$ $^{+1.0}_{-0.5}$	-	-
18071	20.7 $_{- 0.5}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.5}$	21.4 $_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.4}$ $^{+0.4}_{-0.2}$	20.4 $_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.3}$ $^{+0.3}_{-0.6}$	22.7 $_{- 0.9}^{+ 1.7}$ $^{+1.7}_{-0.9}$	20.6 $_{- 0.5}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.5}$	20.3 $_{- 0.4}^{+ 0.7}$ $^{+0.7}_{-0.4}$	7.0 $_{- 4.9}^{+ 7.9}$ $^{+7.9}_{-4.9}$	4.9 $_{- 2.3}^{+ 7.5}$ $^{+7.5}_{-2.3}$
16419	20.9 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.1}$	21.4 $_{- 0.5}^{+ 0.6}$ $^{+0.6}_{-0.5}$	20.7 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.1}$	22.4 $_{- 2.4}^{+ 2.5}$ $^{+2.5}_{-2.4}$	20.8 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.1}$	20.2 $_{- 1.0}^{+ 1.0}$ $^{+1.0}_{-1.0}$	-	-
10245	21.2 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.1}$	21.7 $_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.5}$ $^{+0.5}_{-0.3}$	21.0 $_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.2}$	24.1 $_{- 1.4}^{+ 2.3}$ $^{+2.3}_{-1.4}$	21.0 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.1}$	20.9 $_{- 0.5}^{+ 0.9}$ $^{+0.9}_{-0.5}$	-	-
19572	21.4 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.1}$	21.9 $_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.4}$ $^{+0.4}_{-0.3}$	21.3 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.1}$	24.9 $_{- 1.2}^{+ 1.7}$ $^{+1.7}_{-1.2}$	21.3 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.1}$	21.2 $_{- 0.5}^{+ 0.7}$ $^{+0.7}_{-0.5}$	-	-

Notes. The hydrogen column densities are computed through several equations illustrated in Sect. 6.1. The errors are 1σ of the measure.

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