Quantification of abundance uncertainties in chemical models of exoplanet atmospheres

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Volume 705 (January 2026)

A&A, 705 (2026) A50

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Table 2

Observed molecular abundances.

Planet	Molecule	Region	Abundance^a	Comment
WASP-33b	H₂O	Dayside	[−5.0, −4.0]	Spectrophotometry HST (Haynes et al. 2015).
		Limb		High spectral resolution, no abundance retrieved (Yang et al. 2024).

	CO	Nightside	[−5.0, −1.6]	High spectral resolution (Mraz et al. 2024).
		Dayside		High spectral resolution, no abundance retrieved (Yan et al. 2022).
		Dayside		High spectral resolution, no abundance retrieved (van Sluijs et al. 2023).
	OH	Dayside		High spectral resolution, no abundance retrieved (Nugroho et al. 2021).
	TiO	Dayside		High spectral resolution, no abundance retrieved (Cont et al. 2021).

HD 209458b	H₂O	Dayside	[−5.0, −2.0]	Spectrophotometry HST and Spitzer (Line et al. 2016).
		Limb	[−5.0, −4.3]	Spectrophotometry HST and Spitzer (Pinhas et al. 2019).
		Limb		High spectral resolution, no abundance retrieved (Blain et al. 2024a).
		Limb		Spectrophotometry JWST, no abundance retrieved (Xue et al. 2024).

	CO₂	Limb		Spectrophotometry JWST, no abundance retrieved (Xue et al. 2024).

HD 189733b	H₂O	Dayside	[−5.3, −4.1]	Spectrophotometry JWST (Inglis et al. 2024).
		Dayside	[−2.8, −2.5]	Spectrophotometry JWST (Zhang et al. 2025).
		Dayside	[−3.4, −2.6]	High spectral resolution (Finnerty et al. 2024).
		Limb	[−5.3, −4.6]	Spectrophotometry HST and Spitzer (Pinhas et al. 2019).
		Limb	[−4.2, −2.9]	Spectrophotometry JWST (Fu et al. 2024).
		Limb	[−3.2, −2.8]	Spectrophotometry JWST (Zhang et al. 2025).
		Limb	[−2.6, −2.3]	High spectral resolution (Blain et al. 2024b).
		Limb	[−4.4, −3.2]	High spectral resolution (Klein et al. 2024).
		Limb	[−4.8, −4.0]	High spectral resolution (Boucher et al. 2021).

	CO	Dayside	[−2.8, −2.3]	Spectrophotometry JWST (Zhang et al. 2025).
		Dayside	[−3.8, −2.8]	High spectral resolution (Finnerty et al. 2024).
		Limb	[−4.7, −3.3]	Spectrophotometry JWST (Fu et al. 2024).
		Limb	[−3.2, −2.8]	Spectrophotometry JWST (Zhang et al. 2025).

	CO₂	Limb	[−6.7, −5.6]	Spectrophotometry JWST (Fu et al. 2024).

	H₂S	Dayside	[−4.1, −3.1]	Spectrophotometry JWST (Inglis et al. 2024).
		Dayside	[−8.4, −5.1]	High spectral resolution (Finnerty et al. 2024).
		Limb	[−4.9, −3.9]	Spectrophotometry JWST (Fu et al. 2024).

WASP-39b	H₂O	Limb	[−4.9, −3.4]	Spectrophotometry HST and Spitzer (Pinhas et al. 2019).
		Limb		Spectrophotometry JWST, no abundance retrieved (Rustamkulov et al. 2023).

	CO	Limb		Spectrophotometry JWST, no abundance retrieved (Rustamkulov et al. 2023).

	CO₂	Limb		Spectrophotometry JWST, no abundance retrieved (Rustamkulov et al. 2023).

	SO₂	Limb	[−6.3, −4.6]	Spectrophotometry JWST (Powell et al. 2024).

Notes. ^a Abundance expressed as the decimal logarithm of the mole fraction.

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