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Fig. 4

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Sensitivity curves of different current and future interferometric instruments capable of astrometric measurements. The solid and dashed lines indicate the 5 σ detection limits based on 12 and 18 epochs, respectively. The grey dots in the background mark the probed grid points. The rescaled axes in the top and on the right provide a parametrisation where the fiducial target system distance, d = 20 pc, and planet mass, Mpl = 10 MJup, have been folded in. They can thus be used to estimate the moon detection significance achievable for a genuine exoplanet of interest. Three exemplary moons detectable around AF Lep b (Mpl = (3.27 ± 0.25) MJup; Balmer et al. 2025) and HR 8799 d (Mpl = (9.3 ± 0.5) MJup; Zurlo et al. 2022) are indicated by the dotted lines. The corresponding moon masses and semi-major axes are provided.

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