Magnetic field components from MAG in RTN coordinates, solar wind velocity components in RTN coordinates and density from SWA/PAS, and ion flux spectrograms from EPD (STEP/EPT/HET) shown from top to bottom for a non-DME event (left) and DME event (right). Black curves on the flux spectrograms denote the onset time fittings and the grey curve on the DME event flux spectrogram illustrates the extrapolated VDA fit for the higher energy portion. The point where the lower energy fit of the DME event changes to grey is E₀ (as labeled in magenta) and the end of the higher energy fits is E_max (labeled for the DME event). By-eye identified intervals and energies used by the fitting algorithm are shown over the ion spectrogram for illustrative purposes (see text for description).