Fig. 3
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Simulated stellar wind environments for two F-type main-sequence stars (Tau Boo and HD 179949) and one K-type star (HD 189733). Each panel shows the magnetic connectivity between the star and the planetary orbit: Tau Boo (top), HD 179949 (middle), and HD 189733 (bottom). For Tau Boo, the system is shown at its inclination relative to the observer, while for HD 179949 and HD 189733 a slightly tilted viewpoint is used to highlight the magnetic field topology. The stellar surface displays the radial magnetic field (in Gauss), reconstructed from ZDI maps, using a yellow-to-blue color scale. The translucent gray surface marks the Alfvén surface. For clarity, only a subset of magnetic field lines is shown, colored according to total wind pressure (Ptot) from orange to purple, with darker tones indicating higher pressure. Both forward-connected (star to planet) and backward-a connected (planet to star) field lines are included. The 3D axes (x, y, z) indicate the orientation of the stellar rotation axis, aligned with the z-axis.
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