Mass-loading factors as a function of V_c for CIELO galaxies for z ≤ 0.5, using the unbound outflow (green circles), and the expelled mass rates (orange circles). Observational data of dwarf, spiral, and starburst galaxies from Martin (1999, rightwards-pointing black filled triangles), and of nearby dwarf galaxies from McQuinn et al. (2019, downwards-pointing black solid triangles) are shown for comparison. Additionally, numerical estimations from Vogelsberger et al. (2013, black open pentagons), Ford et al. (2014, black open diamonds), Muratov et al. (2017, black open hexagons), and Christensen et al. (2018, black open squares). The best fitting regression for the $\eta \propto {(1+z)}^{1.3}{V}_{\mathrm{c}}^{-\alpha }$ with α = 3.2 for V_c ≤ 60 km s⁻¹ and α = 1 for V_c > 60 km s⁻¹ at z = 0.25 reported by Muratov et al. (2015, black dotted line) and for the $\eta \propto V_{\mathrm{c}}^{-0.96}$ relation reported by McQuinn et al. (2019, dashed black lines) is also depicted. Median values for η_out (green open circles) and for η_ex (orange open circles) in two mass bins, sub-MW and high-mass galaxies are shown with the corresponding 25–75th percentiles. For visualisation purposes the median values of V_c for the expelled mass rate measurements have been artificially moved +10 km/s.